基于供应链管理的库存优化分析

对供应链管理库存控制多级问题进行分析,研究了两种多级库存策略,基于成本优化的多级库存策略,基于时间优化的多级库存策略。两种策略反映了库存管理的一般思想,即库存控制的最优化目标不仅是供应链环节中某一个或几个节点企业的库存最优化,而是整个供应链环节有机、协调地一体化库存的最优化。在此基础上提出了基于时间的多级库存成本优化思路。     

谈公路工程项目成本管理

对公路工程项目成本核算与管理进行了详细论述.     

高速铁路追踪间隔标准选择及供电设施配置研究

我国已运营高速铁路列车最小追踪间隔及供电设施基本按照3 min标准设计,对于行车量较小的线路,供电设施容量存在较大的冗余,造成了供电设施投资和运营费的浪费。为节省投资和运营成本,统计分析我国高速铁路开行列车对数和追踪间隔现状的基础上,研究行车量与追踪间隔的关系。以江苏南沿江城际铁路为例,根据铁路项目特点和行车量,研究不同年度最小追踪间隔标准,在满足客流需求的基础上合理确定变压器容量,减少了供电设备投资和运营成本。研究表明,5 min追踪间隔标准较4 min追踪间隔标准每年每运营公里可节省成本约3.6万元,研究结果对新建高速铁路项目具有一定的借鉴意义和参考价值。     

An autonomous system for maintenance scheduling data-rich complex infrastructure: Fusing the railways’ condition,planning and cost

National railways are typically large and complex systems. Their network infrastructure usually includes extended track sections, bridges, stations and other supporting assets. In recent years, railways have also become a data-rich environment.Railway infrastructure assets have a very long life, but inherently degrade. Interventions are necessary but they can cause lateness, damage and hazards. Every day, thousands of discrete maintenance jobs are scheduled according to time and urgency. Service disruption has a direct economic impact. Planning for maintenance can be complex, expensive and uncertain.Autonomous scheduling of maintenance jobs is essential. The design strategy of a novel integrated system for automatic job scheduling is presented; from concept formulation to the examination of the data to information transitional level interface, and at the decision making level. The underlying architecture configures high-level fusion of technical and business drivers; scheduling optimized intervention plans that factor-in cost impact and added value.A proof of concept demonstrator was developed to validate the system principle and to test algorithm functionality. It employs a dashboard for visualization of the system response and to present key information. Real track incident and inspection datasets were analyzed to raise degradation alarms that initiate the automatic scheduling of maintenance tasks. Optimum scheduling was realized through data analytics and job sequencing heuristic and genetic algorithms, taking into account specific cost & value inputs from comprehensive task cost modelling. Formal face validation was conducted with railway infrastructure specialists and stakeholders. The demonstrator structure was found fit for purpose with logical component relationships, offering further scope for research and commercial exploitation.     

Cost-efficiency benchmarking of European air navigation service providers

This study uses EUROCONTROL data on operating performance of the national air navigation service providers over the 2002–2011 time period to document in detail the efficiency changes across providers and time using data envelopment analysis. Our results suggest that overall providers’ productivity improved over the time period covered by the data, driven by improvements in technical rather than allocative efficiency. However, some trend reversals in the post-2008 crisis period are also observed.     

城市公交项目经济评价中的运营成本估算方法

本文从分析城市公交运营成本的构成出发,探索运用不同的公交运营指标分别计量各类运营成本的途径,并以一个简化的快速公交项目为实例,介绍了项目运营成本的估算方法和步骤,对可行性研究阶段的城市公交项目的经济评价工作具有一定的借鉴意义。     

高速公路造价管理及控制

从招投标阶段和施工阶段介绍了高速公路造价管理及控制。     

TAB240型沥青混凝土拌和站重油燃烧系统改造情况分析

介绍了对TAB240型沥青混凝土拌和站重油燃烧系统进行改造的原理和方法,并对改造前后成本进行比较分析,最后对该系统的应用情况进行了介绍。     

基于道路综合费用的平面选线模型优化方法的研究

根据道路平面路线方案布置特点,将选线中要考虑的各种因素均转化为费用进行考虑,因而道路平面路线方案也即转化为该模型费用最小化的优化问题,由于道路平面方案优选设计是复杂的多目标决策问题,方案模型的建立在很大程度上影响到项目的营运费用和建设费用,通过对研究遗传算法变异算子对模型影响的分析,设计了一种遗传算法对路线平面线形进行优化,该算法可以提高收敛速度和解的精度,并同时保持优良个体的进化稳定性,在一定程度上弥补了定常参数在克服早熟中缺乏普遍性的缺点。最后,进行了道路优化验证,实验结果表明,该算法无论从鲁棒性和有效性方面都超过了传统的优化算法,说明该算法在道路选线中有很高的应用价值。     

Cu基金属陶瓷摩擦材料的成本优化研究

为降低金属陶瓷摩擦材料的制造成本，介绍了Cu基金属陶瓷摩擦材料成本优化方案，并研究了优化方案对Cu基金属陶瓷摩擦材料性能的影响。研究结果表明，Fe可替代Cu用以降低成本，但Fe的含量不应超过20％；可选用低纯度的天然鳞片状石墨作为润滑组元以降低成本，但其纯度不应低于90％；通过合理选择烧结工艺参数，在保证钢背与金属陶瓷摩擦材料的结合强度不低于金属陶瓷摩擦材料自身的抗剪强度的前提下，可以用“平板”状钢背代替“碗状”钢背来降低成本。