Exchange rate changes and the cost competitiveness of international airlines: The Aviation Trade Weighted Index

Discussions of how changes in exchange rates impact on international airlines tend to be ambivalent. In this paper, it is shown that the relative cost competitiveness of an international airline will decline when there is an exchange rate appreciation in its home country - as will be the case for other tradable goods and services. The extent to which this happens depends on which countries the prices of the inputs are set in and also on which countries' airlines it is closely competing with. The impact is greater if there is an appreciation relative to those countries whose airlines the home airlines are closely competing with. In the trade literature, this is recognised in the Trade Weighted Index of exchange rates, which weights exchanges rates according to their importance in a country's trade flows. In this paper, an Airline Trade Weighted Index is developed - the weights for this index depend on airline traffic and revenues on routes to and from a country. The ATWI is calculated for Australian international airlines, and it indicates that there has been a significant loss of competitiveness in recent years, due to the appreciation of the Australian dollar relative to currencies of key airline competitor countries.     

广东省建设海上示范风电场的可行性研究

广东省是能源缺乏的省份,需向广西、贵州等省区购入大量电能,且火电占发电总装机的72.6%,大量的煤炭需从其他省份购买。风力发电是清洁的可再生能源,是目前世界上发展最快的绿色能源技术,符合国家可持续战略发展的需要。广东省濒临南海,有4300多km海岸线和上千个岛屿,亚热带季候风常年长盛不衰,风力资源极为丰富,开发利用风力发电具有得天独厚的地缘优势,且广东资金实力雄厚。根据《可再生能源发展十一五规划》的要求,考虑到国际上以近海风电场为主的发展方向,广东在沿海地区近岸海域进行近海示范风电场建设十分必要且可行。     

政策法规变化对公路煤炭运输行业的影响研究

随着排放法规升级、“公转铁”等政策的实施,促使公路煤炭运营模式进入深度调整期,收益模式由原来的粗放型逐步向集约型转化,文章通过对典型公路煤炭运输模式进行市场调研,并用TCO全生命周期运营成本分析法对影响公路煤炭运输运营成本的相关因素进行分析得出:1)公路煤炭运输在法规的影响下运营成本升高、用户收益空间变窄;2)公路煤炭运输行业开始寻求运营成本更低的集约化运输模式,以实现降本增效。     

城市公交项目经济评价中的运营成本估算方法

本文从分析城市公交运营成本的构成出发,探索运用不同的公交运营指标分别计量各类运营成本的途径,并以一个简化的快速公交项目为实例,介绍了项目运营成本的估算方法和步骤,对可行性研究阶段的城市公交项目的经济评价工作具有一定的借鉴意义。     

深圳地铁2222标施工成本分析与风险防范

地铁施工已经进入了微利时代,亏损项目比比皆是。深圳地铁2222标段隧道施工出现了巨额亏损,充分说明了地铁施工也是成本高风险专业施工,并非"金隧银桥"。文章通过全面、系统地分析深圳地铁2222标段施工成本,计算出各项施工成本指标,总结出施工过程中成本风险控制方法,提出了地铁隧道施工成本风险的防范措施。     

公路造价管理中存在的问题及对策

文章针对我国公路造价管理中存在的管理人员思想意识不强、素质不高、造价审计职能弱化、变更管理不到位、缺乏完善的定额管理体系、信息化水平低下等问题,提出了相应的解决对策,为建设单位加强公路造价管理工作提供参考。     

加强成本控制 实施低成本战略的方法探讨

文章以施工项目的成本管理工作为主线,阐述了加强成本管理对企业实施低成本战略的意义和必要性,分析了实施项目成本管理中存在的问题,重点论述了项目成本管理过程中需要采取的各种成本控制措施。     

Cost overruns in transportation infrastructure projects: Sowing the seeds for a probabilistic theory of causation

Understanding the cause of cost overruns in transportation infrastructure projects has been a topic that has received considerable attention from academics and the popular press. Despite studies providing the essential building blocks and frameworks for cost overrun mitigation and containment, the problem still remains a pervasive issue for Governments worldwide. The interdependency that exists between ‘causes’ that lead to cost overruns materialising have largely been ignored when considering the likelihood and impact of their occurrence. The vast majority of the cost overrun literature has tended to adopt a deterministic approach in examining the occurrence of the phenomenon; in this paper a shift towards the adoption of pluralistic probabilistic approach to cost overrun causation is proposed. The establishment of probabilistic theory incorporates the ability to consider the interdependencies of causes so to provide Governments with a holistic understanding of the uncertainties and risks that may derail the delivery and increase the cost of transportation infrastructure projects. This will further assist in the design of effective mitigation and containment strategies that will ensure future transportation infrastructure projects meet their expected costs as well as the need of taxpayers.     

公路工程全过程的造价控制

论述了公路建设各个阶段造价的控制途径,力求在项目建设过程中能够合理的利用资源,取得较好的效益。     

美国气垫登陆艇的技术发展及分析

基于美国气垫登陆艇(LCAC)的研制实情及其最近的延寿计划(SLEP)和其未来替代者——舰岸连接器(SSC)的发展趋势,对LCAC的快速性等总体性能进行计算和分析,并追踪LCAC有关新技术在芬兰T-2000艇与韩国LSF-II艇上的应用情况。