造船工程项目成本风险防控管理初探

从造船企业管理角度,运用项目管理学、国际贸易以及风险控制等相关理论知识,以造船项目为研究对象,对造船项目中的成本风险进行分析研究,并提出相应的防控方法,以达到对造船项目成本有效地进行控制,从而确保造船项目能够达到预计的赢利,由此使得造船企业可以持续性健康发展。     

The efficiency of public transport operations – An evaluation using stochastic frontier analysis

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of public transport operations undertaken in Swedish counties by the Public Transport Authorities (PTA), taking into account the substantial differences in operating conditions between counties. The analysis will be performed using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) with annual data from 1986 to 2009 for 26 Swedish counties. The analysis shows how the efficiency of the individual counties has changed over time. The results are used to provide a ranking (in terms of efficiency) of the Swedish public transport authorities that can provide a basis for benchmarking. It is concluded that the efficiency of the public transport providers in all counties fell during the observed time period. Defining cost efficiency as the ratio of minimum cost to observed cost, the overall (average) cost efficiency for the industry fell from 85.7% in the eighties to 60.4% for the period from 2000 to 2009. Possible explanations for the development include increased emphasis on route density as well as higher environmental and safety requirements.     

高速公路建设项目工程造价分析与控制

结合我省高速公路建设项目工程造价的管理工作实际，分析了工程造价的影响因素，并阐述了高速公路建设项目工程造价的控制方法。     

工程结算存在的问题及审计采取的对策

针对工程建设和结算中存在的施工单位虚报、多报施工工程量,错套、高套工程定额,抬高材料价格,多计施工机械费用等问题进行分析,提出工程结算审计可采取的对策与措施,即把施工工程量作为审核的重点,熟练掌握工程定额,严把定额套用关、材料质量和价格关,选择性价比高的材料,严把取费标准关,深入工地拍照、记录实情,实事求是地进行工程结算审计,保证审计结果的合法性、合理性、公正性。     

Comparison of “Advanced” biofuel cost estimates: Trends during rollout of low carbon fuel policies

Costs of producing “advanced” biofuels (those with the lowest GHG and land use impacts) have not decreased in recent years as envisioned by analysts. Despite aggressive policy incentives, no transition to a lower cost mature industry has occurred. Information about the cost dynamics and slow industry emergence is of major interest to policymakers and others seeking to understand the likely success – and cost – of incentive programs. This paper reviews literature on production cost at the plantgate – without considering taxes or delivery costs – for selected biofuel technology pathways using a levelized cost of fuel approach, applying common financing assumptions for capital amortization and converting all values to year 2016 dollars, and examines results in the current low carbon fuel policy context. The average production cost estimate for cellulosic ethanol was $4 per gallon-gasoline equivalent (gge). For drop-in fuels, the pyrolysis-biocrude-hydro treatment pathway had the lowest average production cost estimate at about $3.25/gge. Biomass to liquid (BTL) production cost estimates averaged $3.80/gge, while hydrotreated esters and fatty acids (HEFA) – the sole fuel studied gaining commercial traction – averaged about $3.70/gge. Estimate ranges did not allow any definitive rank ordering of the fuels by production cost. Production cost estimates are higher in later than in earlier publications for non-HEFA fuels due primarily to higher costs for feedstock and capital expenditure components. This may reflect learning from early but largely unsuccessful commercialization efforts that yielded more realistic (and higher cost) information and detail on feedstock provision and conversion processes.     

A measurement and Comparison of Cost Competitiveness of Container Ports in Southeast Asia

Terminal users face a variety of costs associated with the container terminal and those that are harder to quantify should not be ignored for they might represent a larger component of the overall costs associated with using a particular terminal. Similarly, the competitive advantage of a container terminal operator goes beyond the elements that can be quantified. The paper uses and modifies Cournot’s simultaneous quantity-setting model as a means to derive the overall costs of using the terminal. The application of this model to the perspective of competition between container terminal operators in Singapore, Port Klang and Tanjung Pelepas finds that the increasingly cost competitive operators in Port Klang and Tanjung Pelepas were able to close the gap with PSA Corporation in Singapore in the overall costs of using their terminal facilities between 1998 and 2002 although PSAC continued to enjoy a dominant share of the container-handling market in the region. The paper also highlights the tremendous amount of opportunities available to these terminal operators to advance and capitalise on their competitive advantages beyond aggressive price competition.The author would like to stress that the views presented do not represent those of his organization.     

盘锦大学建设工程(二区)施工项目的成本控制

本文在介绍施工项目成本控制原理的基础上,将施工项目成本控制的全过程理论与盘锦大学(二区)工程相结合,详细阐述了施工阶段成本控制的成本计划编制、成本控制方法、成本核算与分析、成本考核等内容及相关方法。为其他施工企业成本控制提供了一种参考途径。     

影响天窗成本的主要因素研究

本文从汽车天窗的功能出发,分析了汽车天窗发展现状和总体趋势。并以A公司的一片式天窗为例,对天窗系统成本进行分解和分析,同时对S公司不同尺寸的天窗研发费用和模具费用变化进行研究,得出天窗尺寸大小是天窗成本的直接影响因素。研究结果对汽车制造企业合理利用资源,控制生产成本具有一定指导意义。     

沈阳地区公路建设项目中应用温拌沥青技术节能减排效益分析

温拌沥青技术在沈阳地区公路建设项目中研究和应用取得了较好效果,成本几乎没有增加,节能减排社会效益十分明显,温室气体（二氧化碳等）、沥青烟等有害气体排放大幅降低,应用前景广阔.     

基于混合遗传算法的船台装配优化研究

为了在船台装配作业中最小化船台周期、降低作业成本、均衡资源负荷,分析了船台装配作业的特点并对其进行了建模,设计了一种适于解决本优化问题的混合遗传算法,开发了对应的软件。将最小化船台周期的优化目标体现在解码的过程中,保证了解码的唯一性;同时将降低成本的优化目标体现在评价和选择的过程中。经本方法得出的船台装配日程计划为实际生产提供了很好的指导。最后,通过一个算例,验证了本方法的可行性和有效性。