物流外包的效益及外包区域分析

首先从物流运作总成本的角度,以资产专用性为决策变量,利用威廉姆森的启发性模型探讨了物流外包的费用效益———采购成本与交易费用的节省而产生的效益。其二,从收益增加的角度,分析了外包效益。本文认为,随着合作性关系的建立,关系性资产的形成,企业将物流业务外包给专业化的第三方物流企业,可以以更高的顾客服务水平以及更低的总物流运作成本为企业带来更多的市场销售(与内部自营物流相比)。在探讨外包效益的同时,分析了物流外包的可选择区域。     

铁路工程造价管理软件的系统目标

本文是笔者在开发铁路工程造价管理系统软件包时的经验和体会,从系统化、网络化、开放式等3个方面,论述了在软件开发的系统定义阶段,必须注意的开发原则和目标。     

关于机车车辆维修的几个问题

探讨了与机车车辆维修制度有关的几个问题，从我国铁路与国外铁路在机车车辆维修方面的效益、管理、技术等方面的比较入手，从国内外现状、优越性和实施建议几个方面探讨了按机车公里数清算机车运用与维修费用、运用与检修分离、大修中实行基本修加更换部件、段修中实行定期检查状态维修、大修纳入运营系统等问题。     

应急状态下公路建设项目投资的控制实践

在汶川地震灾后恢复重建对口支援建设的大背景下,援建资金的运用受社会高度关注,必须提高项目造价控制和管理水平。以上海对口支援都江堰市蒲虹公路为研究对象,结合山区公路施工特点,从设计、合同、施工及结算等几个阶段,分析和总结了造价控制思路,采取的行之有效的措施,为援建项目和山区公路造价控制积累了经验,达到了有效控制造价的目的...     

Reduction of capacity and projected costs associated with seat belt installation on school buses

This study examines the potential effects the installation of seat belts on school buses would have on the fleet capacity in Alabama and the resulting cost implications. The study also documents the myriad research studies and professional opinions offered on the potential safety effects of equipping school buses with safety restraints/seat belts. Four seat configurations for the school buses were analyzed. The first configuration represents the most common current bus seating configuration without seat belts, 3 seats on each side of the aisle and 12 rows (3/3-12). The physical space required for seat belt hardware may result in a loss of a row of seats and may reduce the number of students seated per row. Thus, three more configurations were studied: loss of a row of seats (3/3-11), loss of one seat per row (3/2-12), and loss of both a row of seats and a seat per row (3/2-11). The capacity for each configuration for each bus using current pupil loads was determined. The costs associated with installation of seat belts, and purchase and operation of new buses were obtained. Should school bus seat belts become mandatory in Alabama, the results obtained in this study can be used by any school system to determine the optimum configuration for their pupils, which will identify the number of additional buses that must be purchased by the school system. This study found that many of the buses that would become overloaded due to seat belt installation and the resultant loss of seating will be carrying only a few excess pupils. Transportation supervisors may be able to handle such overloads by transferring these pupils to other buses or by adjusting their bus routes to minimize purchase of new buses. Additional suggestions for handling bus overloads were offered in the body of this report.     

Tales on the dark side of the transport infrastructure provision: a systematic literature review of the determinants of cost overruns

ABSTRACT

Cost overruns are an endemic feature of the provision of transport infrastructure worldwide. In recent decades, a considerable amount of studies has been devoted to assessing the magnitude and determinants of cost overruns in the transportation sector. However, the empirical findings are scattered between different strands of literature, ranging from the fields of construction engineering and management to that of applied economics. To shed light on the determinants of cost overruns in the execution of transport infrastructure projects, we conduct a systematic review of the empirical literature on the topic. Of the 945 articles retrieved, 26 articles published between 2000 and 2016 meet our inclusion criteria. For them, we describe the different empirical approaches, we provide a classification of the determinants employed in the analyses and summarise their impact on cost overruns. Finally, we suggest some directions for further research in the field.     

基于秘密共享的高效RFID安全协议

文章介绍了基于秘密共享的RFID协议的工作流程,并从用户隐私、位置追踪、数据篡改、重放攻击、相互认证、防伪造、中间人攻击、前向安全性、数据库同步等方面探讨了协议的安全性,同时对比分析了协议的效率及成本。结果表明,该协议具有使用简便、安全性能好、效率高、成本低的优点。     

信号控制交叉口机动车绿灯间隔-安全可靠度曲线簇

为了提高信号控制交叉口(以下简称为“交叉口”)的安全性,提出一种基于安全可靠度的交叉口机动车绿灯间隔计算方法,并绘制面向工程应用的绿灯间隔-安全可靠度曲线簇. 首先,对经典的交叉口绿灯间隔计算方法进行了归纳;其次,推导出基于安全可靠度的绿灯间隔计算方法公式并对各影响因素进行敏感性分析;再次,基于Monte Carlo算法模拟反应时间与车辆减速度的交互过程,对模型进行求解;最后,根据模拟结果,绘制了典型交叉口宽度 (15~35 m)、车辆运行速度(15~40 km/h)及安全可靠度(50%~95%)取值下的交叉口绿灯间隔-安全可靠度曲线簇.结果表明：经典的交叉口绿灯间隔计算方法的核心缺陷在于未考虑车道组内车辆行为参数的随机性;交叉口绿灯间隔受多个因素影响且服从正态分布,绿灯间隔对反应时间(32.46%)及车辆减速度(24.68%)的敏感性最强.将安全可靠度引入绿灯间隔计算过程中,一方面提供了一种基于概率论的计算思路与方法,另一方面为定量地分析交叉口绿灯间隔的安全性提供了依据.     

公路工程全过程的造价控制

论述了公路建设各个阶段造价的控制途径,力求在项目建设过程中能够合理的利用资源,取得较好的效益。     

Applications of transport economics and imperfect competition

The great majority of analyses made in transport economics use, explicitly or, more often, implicitly, the common assumption of perfect competition. This is the case, for instance, when infrastructure projects are evaluated using the mere sum of the surpluses of transport users and providers. Even when putting aside the question of externalities such as noise, safety or environmental quality, the real chain of economic interactions that takes place in transport provision or downstream of transport provision is not taken into account. Surely enough, describing and simulating this chain could be quite complex. Nevertheless, it is not uninteresting to try to estimate if it does make a big difference or not to make this approximation. The paper makes such an attempt for two broad kinds of applications of transport economics: