谈公路监理工程师的职业素质

公路工程监理是一项有系统理论为基础的技术工作,不仅要有一定的职业素质和组织协调能力,而且要具备多谋善断的工作作风,讲究工作态度和工作方法,需要监理工程师不断学习和积累经验。本文就从事公路工程监理工作的经历和体会,论述了监理工程师应具备的素质和要求。     

浅析公路施工成本管理

分析了影响公路工程成本的主要因素,对公路工程项目全过程的成本管理进行了详细介绍.     

信号控制交叉口机动车绿灯间隔-安全可靠度曲线簇

为了提高信号控制交叉口(以下简称为“交叉口”)的安全性,提出一种基于安全可靠度的交叉口机动车绿灯间隔计算方法,并绘制面向工程应用的绿灯间隔-安全可靠度曲线簇. 首先,对经典的交叉口绿灯间隔计算方法进行了归纳;其次,推导出基于安全可靠度的绿灯间隔计算方法公式并对各影响因素进行敏感性分析;再次,基于Monte Carlo算法模拟反应时间与车辆减速度的交互过程,对模型进行求解;最后,根据模拟结果,绘制了典型交叉口宽度 (15~35 m)、车辆运行速度(15~40 km/h)及安全可靠度(50%~95%)取值下的交叉口绿灯间隔-安全可靠度曲线簇.结果表明：经典的交叉口绿灯间隔计算方法的核心缺陷在于未考虑车道组内车辆行为参数的随机性;交叉口绿灯间隔受多个因素影响且服从正态分布,绿灯间隔对反应时间(32.46%)及车辆减速度(24.68%)的敏感性最强.将安全可靠度引入绿灯间隔计算过程中,一方面提供了一种基于概率论的计算思路与方法,另一方面为定量地分析交叉口绿灯间隔的安全性提供了依据.     

浅析高速综合检测列车高级修费用与摊销

高速铁路使用的综合检测列车是以高速动车组为载体,装备专用检测系统,对线路和轨道、牵引供电、通信信号等基础设施,轮轨和弓网接触状态及列车有关指标等进行高速动态检测.具有检测列车精确定位、在线数据集成、综合处理和分级评价等功能,是保证高速铁路基础设施正常运营的重要技术装备.此文根据高速综合检测列车的使用现状,对综合检测列车高级修费用进行分析.通过分析,提出在铁路工程建设期间摊销的高级修费用标准.     

Costs and benefits of US aviation noise land-use policies

Aircraft noise affects human health and welfare. One method US airports use to mitigate the impact of noise on nearby residents is through sound insulation and residential land acquisition projects. Costs of residential insulation and acquisition projects are taken from federal grant summaries while the benefits of noise reduction are calculated as the combined willingness-to-pay for abatement and direct and indirect costs of illness from hypertension, myocardial infarction, and stroke. We show that the average cost of sound insulation projects is $15,600 per person affected while that of land acquisition is $48,900 per person affected. We find that for only in 15% of projects do the benefits to residents from willingness-to-pay for reduction and reduced risk of mortality and morbidity exceed the costs of sound insulation for residences exposed to 65 dB Day Night Level (DNL) of noise. Our estimates suggest that noise insulation projects are more cost-effective than fleet wide mandatory aircraft retirement.     

An autonomous system for maintenance scheduling data-rich complex infrastructure: Fusing the railways’ condition,planning and cost

National railways are typically large and complex systems. Their network infrastructure usually includes extended track sections, bridges, stations and other supporting assets. In recent years, railways have also become a data-rich environment.Railway infrastructure assets have a very long life, but inherently degrade. Interventions are necessary but they can cause lateness, damage and hazards. Every day, thousands of discrete maintenance jobs are scheduled according to time and urgency. Service disruption has a direct economic impact. Planning for maintenance can be complex, expensive and uncertain.Autonomous scheduling of maintenance jobs is essential. The design strategy of a novel integrated system for automatic job scheduling is presented; from concept formulation to the examination of the data to information transitional level interface, and at the decision making level. The underlying architecture configures high-level fusion of technical and business drivers; scheduling optimized intervention plans that factor-in cost impact and added value.A proof of concept demonstrator was developed to validate the system principle and to test algorithm functionality. It employs a dashboard for visualization of the system response and to present key information. Real track incident and inspection datasets were analyzed to raise degradation alarms that initiate the automatic scheduling of maintenance tasks. Optimum scheduling was realized through data analytics and job sequencing heuristic and genetic algorithms, taking into account specific cost & value inputs from comprehensive task cost modelling. Formal face validation was conducted with railway infrastructure specialists and stakeholders. The demonstrator structure was found fit for purpose with logical component relationships, offering further scope for research and commercial exploitation.     

全球化浪潮中的FIDIC与咨询工程师

本随着全球化浪潮席卷全球,作为传统行业的建筑行业也受到了前所未有的冲击,来自不同国家和地区的建筑企业越来越多地参与合作和竞争。随着合作项目的逐渐增多,越来越多的建筑企业感受到全球化环境需要一套相对公平的规则来解决合作过程中存在的不同经营理念和管理程序,从而降低合作中的认知成本和沟通成本,而FIDIC无疑是最理想的组织机构。本文对FIDIC和全球化浪潮下建筑行业的特征做了深入分析,并提出了FIDIC和咨询工程师在当前所面临的机遇和挑战、存在问题和鳃决途径,为FIDIC在新形势发挥更大的作用提供了新的思路。     

从2013版《建筑安装工程费用项目组成》看工程造价管理改革思路简

为适应经济社会的发展和建筑市场的变化,建标[2013]44号文发布了修订的《建筑安装工程费用项目组成》,为便于建标[2013]44号文的贯彻执行,将其与建标[2003]206号文发布的《建筑安装工程费用项目组成》进行对比分析,并进一步介绍新版《建筑安装工程费用项目组成》在计价方式和计价程序上发生的变化,及所明确的工程造价管理机构的职能。在更适合工程量清单计价模式下,推动新版《建筑安装工程费用项目组成》在建设工程中的应用。     

关于工程造价纠纷案件调解处理的探讨

在工程建设中,如果管理不到位,有时会出现工程造价纠纷案件。如何通过调解使存在的纠纷得到和解,这取决于调解人采用的调解方法、策略和技巧。此文从建立工程造价纠纷案件调解机制的角度出发,阐述调解该类纠纷案件和不同当事人可采用的3种调解方法、3种策略和2种技巧。以促使双方当事人达成调解协议。     

挣值法在项目成本控制中的应用

以HB光缆通道工程为例,在项目管理中引入挣值法,对整个过程进行控制,分析项目的成本和进度,发现项目执行过程中遇到的问题,并提出针对性解决方案,达到降低成本、提高质量和成功率的目的。