A meta-analysis of Western European external costs estimates

This paper analyses the external transport cost estimates that have been found in various European studies. These estimates seem at first glance to be highly dispersed, a fact which raises questions about their reliability. The article offers a list of the possible reasons for discrepancies between the various studies; differences in the specific situations studied, in the type of cost calculated, in the physical laws relating to emissions, in the measurement of values of external costs. It assesses the relative magnitude of each of these causes through a meta-analysis. It turns out that the main differences come from the specificity of the situation under review and the type of cost calculated. In comparison, differences in the laws and in the values methods have a lower importance. The conclusion is that the estimates of external costs are reliable for decision-making policies.     

铁路工程造价管理软件的系统目标

本文是笔者在开发铁路工程造价管理系统软件包时的经验和体会,从系统化、网络化、开放式等3个方面,论述了在软件开发的系统定义阶段,必须注意的开发原则和目标。     

国际航运业船舶负债经营的融资租赁决策

与飞机、汽车等运输工具的融资租赁相比较，国际航运船舶的融资租赁是资金市场上最近出现的现象。该文通过实例论述了船舶融资租赁决策的方法；讨论了船舶融资租赁与贷款购建相比较所具有的优点与存在的弱点。本文的计算分析表明，船舶融资租赁与船舶贷款购建同样是根据航运企业的财务状况可供选择的一种融资方式，我国航运界对船舶的融资租赁不应存在疑问。     

跨营业线群门式墩施工方案及吊装费用分析

合福铁路蚌福联络线蒙城北路特大桥46号～53号墩上跨6条既有铁路线,施工空间狭小,对施工安全要求高,为此初步拟定了门式墩钢梁现场拼装施工方案和大吨位起重机吊装方案。经过分析与比较,750 t覆带式起重机吊装方案满足施工要求。为此对750 t起重机吊装按台班费、进出场费及安拆费、辅助工程费3部分进行分析与测算。     

现场预制铁路T梁生产准备阶段成本预控浅析

近年来,铁路建设速度逐步加快,为满足建设工期的要求和减少运输费用,大中型桥梁工程项目采用现场预制T梁方式建设桥梁.现场预制T梁需要在当地建设梁场,投入制梁设备和人员等,所有这些都需要成本.那么如何在投入生产之前合理控制这些成本,此文通过对建场工程内容的阐述,从合理选择场址、优化建场和临建设施方案、优选劳务队伍、加强材料和工装设备的采购管理等方面,提出合理控制该阶段成本的方法和措施.     

工程造价相关概念剖析

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的不断完善,工程造价专业相关概念的内涵与外延都不断发生着新的变化,使用中容易出现模棱两可、含混不清等问题。此文重点就工程造价、建筑产品价格、建筑产品成本、建设项目投资等概念进行廓清和厘定,以明确其内涵与处延,理顺其相互间的关系,从而帮助造价人员在具体工作中准确地运用这些概念,促进工程造价相关工作的顺利开展。     

关联时滞大系统的保性能控制

针对关联项具有N×N个任意未知常时滞的线性连续大系统,采用线性矩阵不等式(LM Is)方法,提出了一种分散的无记忆状态反馈二次保性能控制器的存在条件和设计方法.最后用一个示例说明分散无记忆状态反馈二次保性能控制器的设计方法.     

某轮燃油轻改重对主机影响的对比分析

某轮燃油轻改重费用上得到很大的节约,但机械损耗和工作量也都相应提高,说明对于某种机型燃油的降级使用是有限度的,为了安全管理,必须科学地进行综合考虑.     

To save money or to save time: Intelligent routing design for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle

Electric vehicles (EVs) are promising alternative to conventional vehicles, due to their low fuel cost and low emissions. As a subset of EVs, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) backup batteries with combustion engines, and thus have a longer traveling range than battery electric vehicles (BEVs). However, the energy cost of a PHEV is higher than a BEV because the gasoline price is higher than the electricity price. Hence, choosing a route with more charging opportunities may result in less fuel cost than the shortest route. Different with the traditional shortest-path and shortest-time routing methods, we propose a new routing choice with the lowest fuel cost for PHEV drivers. Existing algorithms for gasoline vehicles cannot be applied because they never considered the regenerative braking which may result in negative energy consumption on some road segments. Existing algorithms for BEVs are not competent too because PHEVs have two power sources. Thus, even if along the same route, different options of power source will lead to different energy consumption. This paper proposes a cost-optimal algorithm (COA) to deal with the challenges. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using real-world maps and data. The results show that there is a trade-off between traveling cost and time consumed when driving PHEVs. It is also observed that the average detour rate caused by COA is less than 14%. Significantly, the algorithm averagely saves more than 48% energy cost compared to the shortest-time routing.     

Tales on the dark side of the transport infrastructure provision: a systematic literature review of the determinants of cost overruns

ABSTRACT

Cost overruns are an endemic feature of the provision of transport infrastructure worldwide. In recent decades, a considerable amount of studies has been devoted to assessing the magnitude and determinants of cost overruns in the transportation sector. However, the empirical findings are scattered between different strands of literature, ranging from the fields of construction engineering and management to that of applied economics. To shed light on the determinants of cost overruns in the execution of transport infrastructure projects, we conduct a systematic review of the empirical literature on the topic. Of the 945 articles retrieved, 26 articles published between 2000 and 2016 meet our inclusion criteria. For them, we describe the different empirical approaches, we provide a classification of the determinants employed in the analyses and summarise their impact on cost overruns. Finally, we suggest some directions for further research in the field.