Filling up gaps in wave data with genetic programming

A given time series of significant wave heights invariably contains smaller or larger gaps or missing values due to a variety of reasons ranging from instrument failures to loss of recorders following human interference. In-filling of missing information is widely reported and well documented for variables like rainfall and river flow, but not for the wave height observations made by rider buoys. This paper attempts to tackle this problem through one of the latest soft computing tools, namely, genetic programming (GP). The missing information in hourly significant wave height observations at one of the data buoy stations maintained by the US National Data Buoy Center is filled up by developing GP models through spatial correlations. The gap lengths of different orders are artificially created and filled up by appropriate GP programs. The results are also compared with those derived using artificial neural networks (ANN). In general, it is found that the in-filling done by GP rivals that by ANN and many times becomes more satisfactory, especially when the gap lengths are smaller. Although the accuracy involved reduces as the amount of gap increases, the missing values for a long duration of a month or so can be filled up with a maximum average error up to 0.21 m in the high seas.     

辽宁交通地理信息平台建设

地理信息系统建设是智能交通系统的重要研究内容之一.本文讨论了企业级GIS系统框架的建立以及数据库的设计和实现.同时介绍了电子地图、数据的分类和内容.     

Data assimilation with the Ensemble Kalman Filter and the SEIK filter applied to a finite element model of the North Atlantic

Currently there are different approaches to filter algorithms based on the Kalman filter. One of the most used filter algorithms is the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). It uses a Monte Carlo approach to the filtering problem. Another approach is given by the Singular Evolutive Extended Kalman (SEEK) and Singular Evolutive Interpolated Kalman (SEIK) filters. These filters operate explicitly on a low-dimensional error space which is represented by an ensemble of model states. The EnKF and the SEIK filter have been implemented within a parallel data assimilation framework in the Finite Element Ocean Model FEOM. In order to compare the filter performances of the algorithms, several data assimilation experiments are performed. The filter algorithms have been applied with a model configuration of FEOM for the North Atlantic to assimilate the sea surface height in twin experiments. The dependence of the filter estimates on the represented error subspace is discussed. In the experiments the SEIK algorithm provides better estimates than the EnKF. Furthermore, the SEIK filter is much cheaper in terms of computing time.     

城际铁路隧道下穿机场滑行道方案探讨

珠三角城际铁路新塘经白云机场至广州北工程花机间隧道下穿广州白云国际机场T3、T4及特种车滑行道。针对穿越工程地层上软下硬、岩溶发育的特点,在不停航的情况下,对盾构法及矿山法穿越方案进行探讨。设计通过超前预注浆加固、高压水平旋喷桩超前支护、长管棚超前支护等措施保证穿越工程的安全。经数值分析,各项指标满足机场方面要求,明确采用矿山法下穿滑行道的可行性,同时建议对先行隧道施工过程中的最大沉降控制值按最终控制标准的80%~90%进行控制。岩溶按"开挖前探明、开挖中发现"进行分类处理。     

Application of a SEEK filter to a 1D biogeochemical model of the Ligurian Sea: Twin experiments and real in-situ data assimilation

The Singular Evolutive Extended Kalman (SEEK) filter has been implemented to assimilate in-situ data in a 1D coupled physical-ecosystem model of the Ligurian Sea. The biogeochemical model describes the partly decoupled nitrogen and carbon cycles of the pelagic food web. The GHER hydrodynamic model (1D version) is used to represent the physical forcings. The data assimilation scheme (SEEK filter) parameterizes the error statistics by means of a set of empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). Twin experiments are first performed with the aim to choose the suitable experimental protocol (observation and estimation vectors, number of EOFs, frequency of the assimilation,…) and to assess the SEEK filter performances. This protocol is then applied to perform real data assimilation experiments using the DYFAMED data base. By assimilating phytoplankton observations, the method has allowed to improve not only the representation of the phytoplankton community, but also of other variables such as zooplankton and bacteria that evolve with model dynamics and that are not corrected by the data assimilation scheme. The validation of the assimilation method and the improvement of model results are studied by means of suitable error measurements.     

探索通信、信号信息分析“1+N”模式

通过对电务系统监测、监控现状的分析,提出了信息分析模式,并对信息分析进行了有益的探索。     

Towards a seascape typology. I. Zipf versus Pareto laws

Two data analysis methods, referred to as the Zipf and Pareto methods, initially introduced in economics and linguistics two centuries ago and subsequently used in a wide range of fields (word frequency in languages and literature, human demographics, finance, city formation, genomics and physics), are described and proposed here as a potential tool to classify space–time patterns in marine ecology. The aim of this paper is, first, to present the theoretical bases of Zipf and Pareto laws, and to demonstrate that they are strictly equivalent. In that way, we provide a one-to-one correspondence between their characteristic exponents and argue that the choice of technique is a matter of convenience. Second, we argue that the appeal of this technique is that it is assumption-free for the distribution of the data and regularity of sampling interval, as well as being extremely easy to implement. Finally, in order to allow marine ecologists to identify and classify any structure in their data sets, we provide a step by step overview of the characteristic shapes expected for Zipf's law for the cases of randomness, power law behavior, power law behavior contaminated by internal and external noise, and competing power laws illustrated on the basis of typical ecological situations such as mixing processes involving non-interacting and interacting species, phytoplankton growth processes and differential grazing by zooplankton.     

Real time assimilation of HF radar currents into a coastal ocean model

A real time assimilation and forecasting system for coastal currents is presented. The purpose of the system is to deliver current analyses and forecasts on based on assimilation of high-frequency radar surface current measurements. The local Vessel Traffic Service monitoring the ship traffic to two oil terminals on the coast of Norway received the analyses and forecasts in real time.A new assimilation method based on optimal interpolation is presented where spatial covariances derived from an ocean model are used instead of simplified mathematical formulations. An array of high frequency radar antennae provides the current measurements. A suite of nested ocean models comprises the model system. The observing system is found to yield good analyses and short range forecasts that are significantly improved compared to a model twin without assimilation. The system is fast, analysis and 6-h forecasts are ready at the Vessel Traffic Service 45 min after acquisition of radar measurements.     

编组站CIPS系统工作可靠性研究

阐述了编组站CIPS系统目标、特点及构成;对编组站CIPS系统的可靠性进行了研究;具体介绍了编组站CIPS系统可靠性设计措施及试验情况。     

商业智能系统的设计与实现

介绍了商业智能的概念及其内容，分析了在商业管理信息系统基础上实施商业智能的必要性和可行性，并针对商业销售分析研制了商业智能系统，研究了商业领域中的实际应用。