论提高航海类专业课教学效果的途径

根据心理学相关原理,教师在教学时,应根据所教授的内容,采取不同的教学方法和模式,努力提高课堂的利用效率,从而达到提高教学效果的目的。     

Viewpoints of adults with and without Autism Spectrum Disorders on public transport

BackgroundPublic transport is low cost, allows for independence, and facilitates engagement and participation for non-drivers. However, the viewpoints of individuals with cognitive disabilities are rarely considered. In Australia, the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is approximately 1% and increasing. Many individuals with ASD do not possess a driver’s licence, indicating that access to public transport is crucial for their independence. However, at present, there is no research on the opinions of adults with ASD on public transport.AimTo identify the viewpoints of adults with ASD regarding the barriers and facilitators of public transport usage and their transportation preferences, and to contrast these against the viewpoints of neurotypical adults.MethodsQ method was used to identify the viewpoints of both participant groups on public transport. Participants consisted of 55 adults with a diagnosis of ASD and a contrast group of 57 neurotypical adults. Both groups completed a Q sort task which took place in either Perth or Melbourne, Australia.ResultsThe most prominent viewpoint indicated that both groups preferred to use public transport over driving and believed that it supported their independence. This viewpoint also indicated that both groups preferred to use electronic ticketing when using public transport. Interestingly, the second most prominent viewpoint indicated that both groups preferred to drive themselves by private car rather than use public transport.DiscussionIt appears that the viewpoints of adults with and without ASD regarding public transportation were largely similar. However, questions arose about whether the preference for public transport in the ASD group may be more a result of difficulties obtaining a driving licence than a deliberate choice. The only barrier specified by adults with ASD related to crowding on public transport. Safety and convenience in relation to location and timing of services were barriers reported by neurotypical adults.     

Analysis of subway station capacity with the use of queueing theory

A new concept of subway station capacity (SSC) is defined according to the gathering and scattering process. A queuing network analytical model of station is created for calculating SSC, which is built by M/G/C/C state dependent queuing network and discrete time Markov chain (DTMC). Based on the definition and the analytical queuing network, a SSC optimization model is developed, whose objective function is to optimize SSC with a satisfactory rate of remaining passengers. Besides, a solution to the model is proposed integrating response surface methodology with iterative generalized expansion method (IGEM) and DTMC. A case study of Beijing Station in Beijing subway line 2 is implemented to verify the validity and practicability of the proposed methods by comparison with simulation model in different experiments. Finally, some sensitivity analysis results are provided to identify the nodes that have the greatest impact on SSC.     

基于结果链的建模方法在CIMS中的应用

针对企业建模研究中存在的问题，对CIMS建模理论和实施方法学进行了研究，将基于结果链的建模方法(Result-Chain Based Modeling，RCM)应用于CIMS实施，建立企业CIMS系统的结果链模型图．研究结果表明，结果链建模技术由于强调系统中各部分之间的相互影响以及对企业最终目标和结果的影响，可以帮助企业CIMS实施过程中的沟通和决策，是对传统建模方法的有效补充．     

用有限元法分析无缝道岔的受力与变形

为建立能客观反映无缝道岔实际受力情况的计算分析模型,在吸收国内研究成果的基础上,基于有限单元法,建立了无缝道岔钢轨纵向力及位移计算力学模型,并对我国12号固定型辙叉无缝道岔、大秦线12号可动心轨辙叉无缝道岔及秦沈客运专线38号无缝道岔进行计算,计算结果分别与无缝道岔两轨相互作用理论计算值和现场测试数据基本吻合。以两组合无缝道岔为例,据此模型对不同组合型式无缝道岔的组合效应进行初步研究。     

列车通信网络控制器的综合验证

列车通信网络对安全性和可靠性提出更高的要求,如何保证网络控制器设计的正确性和可靠性成为确保列车安全运行的关键因素之一。本文以高级验证方法学为指导搭建列车网络控制器的层次化验证环境,提出网络拓扑级验证模型和错误注入机制,并对验证结果进行深入分析。实验结果表明:该验证方法增强验证组件的重用性,弥补传统方法的不足,有效提高了验证效率。     

Reliability Analysis of Retracting Actuator with Multi-State Based on Goal Oriented Methodology

In order to conduct effective reliability analysis of retracting actuator with multi-state(success state,safety failure state and action failure state), we redefine type-3 operator in goal oriented(GO) method to describe three states of main charge of retracting actuator and improve type-15 operator in GO method to describe the logic relations of multi-state output. The quantitative and qualitative reliability analyses of retracting actuator are made based on GO method in this paper. The system state probability of retracting actuator is obtained through quantitative analysis, and its weakness is found through qualitative analysis. The analysis results show that GO method is effective to improve the reliability of retracting actuator, and this method is also feasible for reliability analysis of other complicated initiating explosive systems.     

政治学状况及其方法论前沿

本分析了政治学衰落的原因，就政治学方法论问题进行了有益探讨。这些对于了解政治学科背景，把握学科发展方向，促进政治理论创新将有所裨益。     

船舶零部件通用化水平评价体系与指标

零部件通用化对维修保障具有重要意义.提升船舶零部件(如大量使用的阀门、电动机等)通用化水平,可以减轻船舶维修保障工作负担.目前在船舶研制设计过程中,缺乏成熟的通用化评价体系与评价指标.本文从零部件型号数量统计出发,提出了船舶零部件通用化水平总体评价指标、分级维修通用化水平评价指标,构建了评价体系,说明了指标的指导意义,...     

基于响应面法的强力甲板结构优化设计

对于大型散货船,强力甲板是船体承受总纵弯矩及局部载荷的主要构件。特别是在压载工况下,强力甲板易出现结构问题,因此合理的强力甲板设计对船舶结构安全性和经济性十分重要。提出了基于响应面法的船体结构优化方法,并对一艘76 000 DWT散货船货舱段的强力甲板结构进行优化设计以验证该方法的有效性。在不同板厚尺寸、相同工况下进行甲板参数的灵敏度分析,选取适合的参数作为自变量。在计算出最大相当应力的基础上,应用响应面法的均匀设计试验方法,得出该舱段强力甲板最大应力与结构尺寸的函数表达式。以结构重量最轻为目标函数,在结构强度以及规范要求的最小厚度的约束条件下,对该舱段的强力甲板结构厚度进行优化。所得的优化结果说明该优化设计方法在实际工程中具有应用价值。