未来国际海事公约的发展趋势与影响

国际海事公约呈现出新的发展趋势,这些新的发展趋势必将对世界海事活动产生直接的影响。文中首先介绍了目前国际海事公约的发展情况,分析了未来国际海事公约的发展趋势及其对世界各国的影响,最后提出了我国应对未来国际海事公约的几点建议。     

Federal consistency and state expectations

Abstract

The requirement in the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 that federal projects be consistent with approved state coastal zone management programs is an important incentive for states to complete their programs. As a condition of program approval, states must first consult with the federal agencies concerned and provide opportunities for comment, with the hope of avoiding conflicts. The consistency requirement is also subject to various exceptions whose scope remains to be determined. One such exception of uncertain extent is the exclusion from the coastal zone of federal lands “the use of which is subject solely to the sole discretion ... of the Federal Government....”; Despite these uncertainties, however, the consistency provision represents a major change in federal policy, which has traditionally allowed federal agencies to operate largely without concern for state land or water use requirements.     

Cooperation of Science and Management for Harmful Algal Blooms: Domoic Acid and the Washington Coast Razor Clam Fishery

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) may be increasing in frequency and intensity worldwide. Coastal economies suffer significant income losses when fisheries or beaches are closed to protect human health and subsistence fishing communities are at risk. Despite these hardships, managers must often conservatively close harvests across a wide area or for long periods, because they lack scientific information that would allow them to predict HAB events. The outer coast of Washington State has experienced several closures of the razor clam (Siliqua patula) fishery starting in 1991, due to domoic acid (DA) contamination caused by toxic blooms of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia. Improved science-based management was needed to minimize the impact of DA on this fishery and the coastal communities that relied on it for income, tourism, and subsistence. The Olympic Region Harmful Algal Bloom (ORHAB) Partnership, comprised of state and tribal managers, scientists, and local stakeholders, evolved in response to this need; it has been successful in its mission. Here we examine ORHAB through the lens of the Institutional Analysis and Development framework, in order to identify key factors contributing to its success. The relevance of our findings for other ORHAB-like institutions in the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere is discussed.     

国际航运管理实训课程改革探析——以江苏海事职业技术学院为例

文章针对目前江苏海事职业技术学院国际航运管理实训课程实施中存在的主要问题，从实训观念、实训内容、实训备件、师资建设等方面提出了相应的改革建议，以期为下一步深化教学改革，提高教学质量，更好地服务港航企业提供借鉴。     

舰载液体发射药火炮初探

本文简述了舰载液体发射药火炮研制概况,发射机理,工作方式,目前研制方向和重点,分析了液体发射药火炮的特性和优点,液体发射药取代了传统的固体发射药,发展迅速并取得丰硕成果,它将首先满足未来实战需要的新概念火炮,同时将引起火炮技术的重大变革。     

上海集装箱运输的现状与发展思考

在调查上海集装箱港航企业基础上,分类地统计了有关上海集装箱运输的数据。基于对上海集运产业的认识,结合本次调查所掌握的实际情况,对上海集运产业的发展提出了若干建议。在软件建设方面,尽快形成综合开发队伍,提高管理系统软件的开发层次和开发速度;加快电子单证、电子签名等的技术研究与立法工作;开发更为完善的生产作业指挥系统。在企业发展战略方面,着重从稳定货源、加强合作、着力开拓三方面进行了论述。     

基于系统动力学机制的航运可持续发展研究

将航运业作为由社会经济与环境构成的一个系统的组成部分,采用系统动力学机制,分析航运与资源环境之间的互动关系。文中描述了航运可持续发展的因果逻辑关系,在确定以航运供给量、航运短缺量和资源环境承载力为决策作用点的基础上,构造了航运可持续发展动力学模型,并给出了模型中有关系数的确定方法。     

世行和亚开行对中国铁路效益评估的借鉴

我国铁路项目经济效益评估方法存在较多问题,如无法完全涵盖项目产生的效益范围、部分参数指标难以计量等,已无法适应当前铁路行业尤其是高速铁路的快速发展.从评估流程及所需指标等方面对世界银行、亚洲开发银行及中国的铁路经济效益评估方法进行总结对比,分析各方法的优缺点并指出我国可借鉴之处.基于此,提出新的适用于我国铁路项目经济效益的评价办法,新方法基于交通预测,更侧重量化由环境因素引起的费用和效益,同时注重项目分配效果和项目周期内的环境、可持续性风险处理等问题,具有一定理论和实践价值.     

Evolution of green shipping research: themes and methods

Over the past 30 years, there have been growing concerns on the environmental impacts of maritime transportation, which have attracted great attention from both academia and practitioners. Understanding developments in this area can help guide future research. We conducted a comprehensive review of green shipping research, comprising 213 papers published in transportation journals in SSCI of 2017 over the period 1988–2017. We find that research on green shipping has increased greatly since 2012, accounting for 77.5% of the reviewed papers. The main focus today on green shipping was on air pollution, and the classification of green shipping practice, such as technical measures, operational options, market-based measures, and recycling and reusing, is becoming clear. According to the existing studies, future research on green shipping must strengthen technology research to not only solve practical problems, but also to establish a theoretical green shipping system. Moreover, researchers from different countries could cooperate with each other to give effective suggestions on setting standards and laws of green shipping. Finally, we identify the future research themes will focus on setting up green shipping system and legislation and policy.     

论大城市交通的科学发展观

大城市机动车快速增长导致行车困难,城市化进程将对交通供需形成更大的挑战,应用系统方法就如何使用科学发展观的思想根治大城市交通问题进行了探讨.运用实证分析的方法对我国大城市交通主要矛盾及其程度进行了深刻的揭示,以科学思维的方法构建了交通科学发展观理念的内涵,系统科学的对大城市贯彻交通科学发展观的方法以及公交优先的思路、政策进行了探讨.