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21.
Organic carbon budget for the Gulf of Bothnia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Grete Algesten Lars Brydsten Per Jonsson Pirkko Kortelainen Stefan Lfgren Lars Rahm Antti Rike Sebastian Sobek Lars Tranvik Johan Wikner Mats Jansson 《Journal of Marine Systems》2006,63(3-4):155-161
We calculated input of organic carbon to the unproductive, brackish water basin of the Gulf of Bothnia from rivers, point sources and the atmosphere. We also calculated the net exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the adjacent marine system, the Baltic Proper. We compared the input with sinks for organic carbon; permanent incorporation in sediments and mineralization and subsequent evasion of CO2 to the atmosphere. The major fluxes were riverine input (1500 Gg C year− 1), exchange with the Baltic Proper (depending on which of several possible DOC concentration differences between the basins that was used in the calculation, the flux varied between an outflow of 466 and an input of 950 Gg C year− 1), sediment burial (1100 Gg C year− 1) and evasion to the atmosphere (3610 Gg C year− 1). The largest single net flux was the emission of CO2 to the atmosphere, mainly caused by bacterial mineralization of organic carbon. Input and output did not match in our budget which we ascribe uncertainties in the calculation of the exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic Proper, and the fact that CO2 emission, which in our calculation represented 1 year (2002) may have been overestimated in comparison with long-term means. We conclude that net heterotrophy of the Gulf of Bothnia was due to input of organic carbon from both the catchment and from the Baltic Proper and that the future degree of net heterotrophy will be sensible to both catchment export of organic carbon and to the ongoing eutrophication of the Baltic Proper. 相似文献
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23.
Mitsuhisa Ikehata Takeshi Inoue Manabu Ozawa Shinya Matsumoto 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》1997,2(2):62-76
To examine the flow field of a viscous fluid around the trailing edge of a wing with respect to the Kutta condition or the
Joukowski hypothesis, an experimental investigation into the velocity fields around two-dimensional (2D) wings NACA0012 and
NACA4412 was carried out using an X-type hot-wire anemometer in a wind tunnel and the method of colored milk injection in
a circulating water channel. The results of these investigations revealed that the flow of a viscous fluid at the trailing
edge of a 2D wing is tangential to the face on the pressure side, and that the flow is very slow or reversed on the suction
side due to separation when the angle of attack is greater than 7.5°. By flow visualization, a Kármán vortex street was found
in the wake of both wings (NACA0012 and NACA4412) when the angle of attack was 5°. These results show that the ordinary Kutta
condition with respect to the direction of outflow at the trailing edge is not necessarily satisfied in a viscous fluid, but
the Kutta condition with respect to the pressure at the trailing edge is satisfied as usual. Numerical results, which have
been obtained as the solution of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, show good agreement with above-mentioned experimental
results. Therefore, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation has proved to be very effective for studying steady viscous
flow around the trailing edge of a 2D wing. 相似文献
24.
给出了所研制的铁路信息微机在线检测系统的工作原理,本系统适用于中小型信号站,具有成本低,使用维护等方便等优点。 相似文献
25.
鉴于目前铁路站场广为采用的环形配电网络存在着安全隐患,本文结合运营实践情况对此提出了一些改进措施。 相似文献
26.
本文简要地介绍了北京城市铁路地面线轨道建设采用一次铺设无缝线路及钢弹簧浮置板隔震道床两项新技术的必要性、可行性 ,并简要地介绍了这两项新技术的施工工艺及其实施效果 ,其取得的成功应用经验可供今后我国城市铁路轨道建设借鉴。 相似文献
27.
通过对遂渝线单线隧道内接触网悬挂的介绍,探讨了以新的设计方式进行速度200 km/h客货共线隧道内接触网平面设计的方法,并通过遂渝线情况的研究,对下一步的设计提出了建议。 相似文献
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29.
研究目的:确定郑西客运专线湿陷性黄土填料的改良技术和填筑压实工艺。研究结果:水泥改良湿陷性黄土最大干密度随时间呈衰减趋势;水泥改良湿陷性黄土的压实厚度严格控制在30 cm以内,松铺系数为1.1~1.2;水泥改良陷性黄土不适合采用强振碾压,一般来说静压的施工效果较好,碾压遍数控制在4~5遍;水泥改良湿陷性黄土的含水率对压实度影响较大,含水量偏差应控制在-0.5%~ 1.5%;尽量缩短水泥改良土从拌和到碾压完成的时间,遵循“三快一密实原则“:快速摊铺、快速整平、碾压密实、快速检测,确保碾压和检测在水泥初凝前完成。 相似文献
30.
陈立华 《铁路通信信号工程技术》2006,3(6):11-12
本文从设计的角度,介绍了ZPW-2000A闭环电码化在既有线CTCS2区段的设计方案及其方案的完善。 相似文献