防雪栅栏对公路风吹雪灾害的防治技术研究

提出了利用防雪栅栏防治公路风吹雪灾害技术，并就防雪栅栏的类型、作用机理、影响因素，以及防雪栅栏的设置等进行了阐述。     

降低风吹雪雪害 辅助措施分析

为了便于公路风吹雪雪害防治科研成果的推广运用，结合科研课题的研究和公路建设的实践经验．客观地分析总结几种典型的降低公路风吹雪雪害的辅助措施，可以帮助人们少走弯路，收到事半功倍的效果。     

冰雪条件下中国驾驶员跟驰行为及模型研究

分析驾驶员在冰雪条件下的驾驶行为特性，建立考虑驾驶员行为特性的跟驰模型，有助于丰富现有交通流理论.通过招募驾驶员开展实车跟驰试验，对比分析正常条件与冰雪条件下的驾驶行为差异.进而基于任务难度均衡理论构建包含人类因素参数的任务难度模块，引入改进后的智能驾驶员模型，并采用车辆轨迹数据对模型进行标定和有效性验证.研究表明：驾驶员在跟驰行驶过程中受外界刺激及自身驾驶能力影响时会对车辆行驶状态进行动态调整，试图保持期望间距，且速度与前车一致的状态；冰雪条件下驾驶员采取风险补偿行为，其车头时距波动幅度较正常条件收窄，模型引入人类因素参数可以较好地描述其差异性. 模型有效性验证表明，新模型在6个仿真场景中的表现都优于传统智能驾驶员模型，且表现出更好的鲁棒性.研究结果可为冰雪条件下的交通管理措施制定提供理论支持.     

Mathematical model for optimising the sequence for clearing snow from the manoeuvring area during winter operations

This article considers the optimisation of the sequence for clearing snow from stretches of the manoeuvring area of an airport. This issue involves the optimisation of limited resources to remove snow from taxiways and runways thereby leaving them in an acceptable condition for operating aircraft. The airfield is divided into subsets of significant stretches for the purpose of operations and target times are established during which these are open to aircraft traffic. The document contains several mathematical models each with different functions, such as the end time of the process, the sum of the end times of each stretch and gap between the estimated and the real end times. During this process, we introduce different operating restrictions on partial fulfilment of the operational targets as applied to zones of special interest, or relating to the operation of the snow‐clearing machines. The problem is solved by optimisation based on linear programming. The article gives the results of the computational tests carried out on five distinct models of the manoeuvring area, which cover increasingly complex situations and larger areas. The mathematical model is particularised for the case of the manoeuvring area of Adolfo Suarez Madrid—Barajas Airport. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Highlights
• Optimal sequence for clearing snow from the manoeuvring area of an airport.
• Contains optimising algorithms solved using CPLEX LP‐based tree search.
• Restrictions on partial fulfilment of operational targets applied to subsets of significant stretches, used for planning the operation of snow‐clearing machines.
• Model applied to the case of the manoeuvring area of Adolfo Suárez Madrid Barajas Airport.
• Conclusions are given on the results of the computational tests carried out. There are five models of the manoeuvring area which cover increasingly complex situations and larger areas.

     

公路风吹雪灾害缓解技术研究

针对公路风吹雪灾害危害现状,提出风吹雪雪害防治“标本兼治、以本为主”的原则。采取多种形式,特别是研究并利用挡雪墙这一工程措施治理风吹雪灾害,为公路建设、养护、管理提供技术支持与保障。     

从南方雨雪冰冻灾害谈北方高速公路除雪抢通措施

通过对2008年春节前南方雨雪冰冻灾害的反思,介绍了针对北方地区高速公路多年来积累的除雪抢通经验与措施。     

列车运行视景仿真中雨雪的模拟

在建立降雨、降雪过程数学模型的基础上,设计了实时雨雪粒子系统.介绍了该粒子系统的实现方法,包括粒子属性的定义与更新、粒子生命周期控制等.在该系统中,通过控制粒子的可视区域,模拟隧道或车站对雨雪遮挡效果.用简化的物理模型实时计算粒子的空间位置,用公告牌技术绘制粒子.实际应用结果表明,该粒子系统能够在复杂的列车运行场景中实时地模拟雨雪现象.     

新疆山区公路雪崩灾害防治试验工程效益分析

新疆天气寒冷、降雪量大,公路雪崩灾害频繁发生,严重阻碍了当地经济的发展。结合国道312线果子沟段的试验情况,对防治雪崩的试验工程进行效益分析,并阐述实施雪崩防治工程的必要性和迫切性,对公路雪崩灾害防治是有帮助的。     

高速公路除雪工作探讨

冬季除雪是北方高速公路养护的一项重要内容,通过几年来高速公路除雪的实践,阐述一些符合除雪实际的新思路、新做法,可为同行提供参考与借鉴。     

高速公路融雪除冰技术研究

如何快速有效地融雪除冰,减少因降雪对高速公路造成的不良影响,保证交通的安全和畅通,是国内外道路养护部门致力于解决的问题。通过深入调研国内外有关道路融雪除冰的研究成果,对目前常用的方法进行总结分析,并在此基础上为制定合理的高速公路融雪除冰方案提供参考依据。