汽车起重机摇臂机构的空间建模及优化

运用空间坐标变换理论的有关知识,对起重机的摇臂机构进行运动分析,建立其整体空间数学模型。随后构建使摇臂机构转向误差最小的优化模型,考虑车辆的真实行驰状况引入加权函数,从而实现真实工作条件的仿真。最后以一典型车辆为例,验证得出此方法可行且高效。     

Iris Localization Based on Edge Searching Strategies

An iris localization scheme based on edge searching strategies is presented. First, the edge detection operator Laplacian-of-Gaussian （LOG） is used to iris original image to search its inner boundary. Then, a circle detection operator is introduced to locate the outer boundary and its center, which is invariant of translation, rotation and scale. Finally, the method of curve fitting is developed in localization of eyelid. The performance of the proposed method is tested with 756 iris images from 108 different classes in CASIA Iris Database and compared with the conventional Hough transform method. The experimental results show that without loss of localization accuracy, the proposed iris localization algorithm is apparendy faster than Hough transform.     

基于小波变换的轨道检测数据滤波方法

为了尽量减小轨道检测数据中夹杂的粗大噪声干扰对轨道检测结果的影响,利用小波算法对轨道检测数据滤波处理是一种可行方法。分析了dbl,db2,db3和db4小波基对轨道检测数据中高频突变脉冲信号的敏感性,选用较为敏感的db1小波基对轨道检测数据进行小波分解。通过3σ准则识别出粗大误差点并加以剔除,对轨道检测数据的高频和低频部分进行小波重构,从而达到较好的轨道检测数据去噪滤波效果。分别采用均方误差值、信噪比和平滑度指标对几种小波的去噪滤波效果进行了分析比较,进一步验证了db1小波能在轨道检测数据的处理中达到较好的去噪滤波效果。实例表明,论文提出的方法对能够敏感地识别轨道检测数据中的噪声信号,有效地剔除检测数据中的粗大误差,达到较为理想的轨道检测数据滤波效果。     

基于小波的轨道不平顺和车体振动响应分析

通过选择合适的小波基函数,对轨道不平顺和车体振动加速度信号进行连续小波变换,以小波系数作为平顺状态评价指标进行轨道不平顺时频分析;同时,将小波尺度系数与车体振动加速度时程曲线进行相关性分析,可以提取对车体振动影响较大的特征频率(段)。研究结果表明:以上方法直观有效,可以很好地提取及定位轨道不平顺时频特征,并对车体振动加速度响应进行分析。     

基于EEMD和能量算子解调的发动机瞬时转速计算

针对发动机瞬时转速Hilbert频率解调法端点效应误差大、计算精度低的问题,提出了基于总体经验模态分解(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,EEMD)和能量算子解调的瞬时转速计算方法。该方法利用EEMD从原始多分量信号中提取包含瞬时转频的单分量信号,再利用能量算子解调法从所提单分量信号中解调出瞬时转频,进而求得瞬时转速,消除了Hilbert变换的端点效应,提高了计算精度。通过试验信号仿真和实测信号的应用研究,证明了本方法的有效性和准确性。     

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货运量预测是制定物流政策和决定物流基础设施布局的重要依据。针对受多因素影响的货运量预测具备较强非线性和模糊性特征,提出一种基于趋势分解和小波变换的多重“分解—集成”预测方法。利用趋势分解将货运量分解为趋势项和非趋势项,通过小波分解将非趋势项进一步分解成低频项和高频项,分别建立预测模型,选用相加集成得到货运量预测值。实证表明,“分解—集成”的预测策略将非平稳货运量分解为相对平稳的子序列组合,降低了问题复杂度,有效提高了预测性能,与传统的趋势分解预测模型和小波分解预测模型相比,多重“分解—集成”预测模型精度更高。     

K-means与SVM结合的水下目标分类方法

为促进海洋资源开发,提高海洋开发能力,本文对水下目标分类识别方法进行研究。首先,对水下目标分类方法进行概述,介绍较为常用的方法。然后,提出K-means与SVM结合的水下目标分类方法。该方法利用S变换进行图像预处理,提取不同分辨率下的不同特征作为分类的特征向量,通过K-means与SVM结合的分类识别方法进行分类。实验结果表明,该方法具有较高的识别率。     

Speckle reduction based on contourlet transform using scale adaptive threshold for medical ultrasound image

A new speckle suppression method in contourlet domain was presented. By modeling the subband contourlet coefficients of the ultrasound images after logarithmic transform as generalized Gaussian distribution (GGD), we gave a scale-adaptive threshold in Bayesian framework. Experimental results of both synthetic and clinical ultrasound images show that our method has a better performance on speckle suppressing than the wavelet-based method while well preserving the feature details.     

基于双树复小波的被动目标特征提取方法研究

针对水下目标辐射噪声特征提取困难的问题,提出一种基于双树复小波变换的特征提取方法。首先,采用一种改进的小波阈值去噪方法去除水下目标辐射噪声信号中的噪声成分,该方法可以获得优于经典小波阈值去噪方法的结果;其次,在特征提取过程中,采用具有近似平移不变性的双树复小波变换,该方法能够克服信号时移带来的影响,得到稳定的目标特征向量。仿真试验和实航数据处理结果表明,本文方法提取的目标特征向量比使用离散小波变换提取的结果更稳定。     

Isocyanic acid and ammonia in vehicle emissions

Vehicles are considered to be an important source of ammonia (NH₃) and isocyanic acid (HNCO). HNCO and NH₃ have been shown to be toxic compounds. Moreover, NH₃ is also a precursor in the formation of atmospheric secondary aerosols. For that reason, real-time vehicular emissions from a series of Euro 5 and Euro 6 light-duty vehicles, including spark ignition (gasoline and flex-fuel), compression ignition (diesel) and a plug-in electric hybrid, were investigated at 23 and −7 °C over the new World harmonized Light-duty vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC) in the Vehicle Emission Laboratory at the European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, Italy. The median HNCO emissions obtained for the studied fleet over the WLTC were 1.4 mg km⁻¹ at 23 °C and 6 mg km⁻¹ at −7 °C. The fleet median NH₃ emission factors were 10 mg km⁻¹ and 21 mg km⁻¹ at 23 and −7 °C, respectively. The obtained results show that even though three-way catalyst (TWC), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and NOx storage catalyst (NSC) are effective systems to reduce NOx vehicular emissions, they also lead to considerable emissions of the byproducts NH₃ and/or HNCO. It is also shown that diesel light-duty vehicles equipped with SCR can present NH₃ emission factors as high as gasoline light-duty vehicles at both, 23 and −7 °C over the WLTC. Therefore, with the introduction in the market of this DeNOx technology, vehicular NH₃ emissions will increase further.