Dynamic Modal Accessibility Gap: Measurement and Application Using Travel Routes Data

Accessibility is a key concept in transportation research and an important indicator of people’s quality of life. With the development of big data analytics, dynamic accessibility that captures the temporal variations of accessibility becomes an important research focus. Few prior studies focus on comparative measures of dynamic accessibility to Points of Interest (POIs) by alternative travel modes. To fill this research gap, we propose a new index called dynamic modal accessibility gap (DMAG), which draws upon available data on residents’ real travel routes using different travel modes, as well as the data on POIs. We study the DMAG in the real-travel covered area, assuming POIs are only useful if it is within someone’s real-travel covered area. We then apply this DMAG methodology to Shanghai’s central city and peripheral area. In both cases, we measure the accessibility for public and private travel modes. As an example, one-week taxi GPS and metro smart card data, and POIs data are used to generate the DMAG index for 30-minute and 60-minute trip durations for weekdays and holidays. Results show that DMAG can reflect the pattern of temporal variations. The proposed DMAG analytical framework, which can be applied at both the user and the system levels, can support urban and transportation planning, and promote social equity and livability.     

Dynamic impedances and load carrying mechanism for skirted foundations

Dynamic impedances of foundations include dynamic stiffness and damping which have important effect on the internal forces in the structure. In some cases, such as offshore wind turbines, the influence of the foundation impedances on the system's natural frequency and overall damping could potentially have a significant effect on the fatigue life of the structure. The vertical, horizontal and rocking impedances of a skirted foundation (also termed bucket foundation in offshore wind industry) embedded in a fully saturated poroelastic seabed are addressed in this paper. The vertical impedance is most relevant for jacket foundations supported on three or four bucket foundations, while horizontal and rocking impedances are applicable for mono-bucket foundations. The dynamic vibration problems are solved semi-analytically with the help of dual integral equations and Green's functions. Numerical results for dynamic impedances are obtained; damping ratio are also obtained to show the importance of radiation damping for bucket foundations, even at very small excitation frequencies. The influence of length-to-radius ratio, Poisson's ratio, permeability of soil, excitation frequency and thickness-to-radius ratio on the impedances are also studied. Besides, the dynamic load sharing among the top plate, bucket shaft and bucket tip is obtained for vertical load, horizontal load and moment to shed light on the carrying mechanism of bucket foundation at dynamic working loads. It is found that for a rigid bucket foundation, even when the length-to-radius ratio is small (e.g. l/a = 1.0), most of the loads are carried by the shaft, while the top plate and tip of the bucket take only a small portion of the loads. The results of this study will be helpful for understanding the load-carrying mechanism of offshore bucket foundations for normal operation conditions.     

岩溶隧道排水管结晶堵塞试验与数值模拟研究北大核心CSCD

为实现岩溶区隧道排水系统堵塞过程的精准刻画和预警防控,开展了与现场1∶1等比例的排水系统堵管室内试验,探讨了仿真现场水动力、水化学和干湿循环条件下管道结晶沉淀量的变化规律,构建了考虑水动力和碳酸盐岩组分溶解-沉淀化学反应耦合驱动过程的数值模型,结合室内试验数据,对所建立的隧道排水管结晶堵塞模型进行验证。模拟结果表明,随着时间的推移,模拟值与试验观测值之间的误差逐渐减小,至15 d左右,二者拟合决定系数R2为0.67,证明在相对较长时间尺度下,所构建的数值模型在一定程度上能够较好地预测隧道排水管道内的结晶生成过程,模型能为隧道排水系统堵塞问题的防治提供理论指导,进而为岩溶隧道地质灾害的早期识别与安全评价提供保障。     

Temporal and spectral characteristics of seismic ground motions: Offshore versus onshore

To distinguish offshore and onshore seismic ground motions, conventional analyses in terms of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and earthquake response spectrum (ERS) have been carried out in a recent work by authors and other papers in literature. In the present study, distinct temporal and spectral characteristics between onshore and offshore earthquake ground motions are further investigated in time-domain and frequency-domain. The data used is 69 pairs of concurrent onshore and offshore ground motions collected from the Kyoshin Network (K-NET). Each pair of data are of approximately identical epicenter distances. Comparisons are made on zero-up-crossing period (T_z), peak-to-trough acceleration range (A_pt) and period (T_pt), duration of ground motion (T_d), predominant frequency (f_p) and the spectral bandwidth parameter (ε). The results indicate that for offshore horizontal and vertical seismic signals, statistics of T_z, T_pt, T_d and predominant period T_p tend to be larger than the onshore counterparts. Meanwhile, ε of the offshore vertical ground motions is also greater. Through the proposed energy ratio (ER) analysis, the spectral energy of offshore ground motion is found to shift to moderate and low frequency bands. The time-frequency analysis conducted by Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) shows that the Hilbert spectra of offshore accelerations contain larger spectral energy than the onshore counterpart but the corresponding instantaneous frequencies at peak energy are smaller, especially for horizontal recordings. Therefore, larger dynamic response of offshore structures is prone to be induced by the offshore ground excitation. This is further validated through the dynamic analysis of a marine pipeline in case study.     

Design,modelling, and analysis of a large floating dock for spar floating wind turbine installation

Installation of floating wind turbines at the offshore site is a challenging task. A significant part of the time efficiency and costs are related to the installation methods which are sensitive to weather conditions. This study investigates a large floating dock concept, which can be used to shield a floating wind turbine during installation of tower, nacelle, and rotor onto a spar foundation. In this paper, the concept is described in detail, and a design optimisation is carried out using simple design constraints. Hydrodynamic analysis and dynamic response analysis of the coupled system of the optimum dock and spar are conducted. Two spars of different sizes are considered, and the motion responses of the spars with and without the dock in irregular waves are compared. Through analysis of the motion spectra and response statistics, dynamic characteristics of the coupled system is revealed. The present design of the dock reduces the platform-pitch responses of the spars and potentially facilitates blade mating, but may deteriorate the heave velocity of the spars in swell conditions. Finally, future design aspects of the floating dock are discussed.     

列车振动条件下古建筑群结构动力响应分析

为研究地铁列车振动对上方古建筑的影响规律,基于西安地铁4号线下穿和平门区段,建立不同行车速度组合工况有限元振动分析模型,用来分析和平门古建筑群的振动响应规律。并进行中国古建筑结构允许振动速度评价标准的比选、推导和确定,由结果可知:地铁单向或对向通过城墙时,不同车速对峰值位移几乎没有影响。城墙的峰值速度、加速度随着车速的增大而增大,在车速为80 km/h时达到最大。桥体在两种运行模式下的峰值位移、速度、加速度变化趋势与城墙相同,但最终值较大。综合比较,列车80 km/h对向行驶为最不利情况,此时城墙和桥体的速度、加速度分别为0.160,0.667 mm/s和0.679,2.998 mm/s~2。护城河桥的振动以竖直方向为主,而城墙在列车运营时主要呈水平方向振动。桥体的水平振动速度略大于城墙,且两者均小于容许水平振动速度,因此该地铁运营过程中可保证古建筑运营安全。     

地铁减振板式轨道动力测试与减振特性研究

地铁减振板式轨道作为一种新型轨道结构,具有质量高、施工快、维修少等特点,在地铁线路中逐渐得到推广应用。为揭示地铁板式轨道减振效果,选取天津地铁5号线板式轨道、现浇整体道床断面,采用现场试验和数值模拟方法,对其动力学行为和减振特性进行研究。结果表明:与现浇整体道床相比,地铁板式轨道降低了轮轨横、垂向力和安全性指标,有利于行车安全;由于板式轨道整体刚度较低,钢轨垂向位移略有增加;板式轨道与整体道床结构振动由上至下依次减小,且板式轨道减小幅度更为显著;与现浇整体道床相比,除轨道板振动加速度增大外,其余结构加速度均一定程度减小;板式轨道隧道壁处时域上减振明显,频域上全频段减振,最高减振达16.92 dB。     

纤维沥青混凝土动态模量与路用性能研究

采用动态模量试验、间接拉伸疲劳试验和车辙试验研究了掺加木质素纤维、聚酯纤维和玄武岩矿物纤维的沥青混合料的路用性能。结果表明,各种纤维掺入后能增大纤维沥青混合料的动态模量,其中聚酯纤维的增强作用最为显著;同时,掺加各种纤维后沥青混合料的疲劳性能和高温抗车辙性能也得到明显改善。     

后扭力梁系统研发及某液压成型结构梁改型优化设计

对扭力梁剪切中心、横梁截面、扭转刚度以及悬架运动特性确定悬架设计的关键点,通过优化方法来达到预先设定的性能,并成功运用于液压成型扭力梁改型,大大降低开发费用及技术难度。     

FMEA和FCE方法在动力定位控制系统中的应用

针对传统的FMEA(故障模式与影响分析)过于定性化、主观化以及不能进行量化分析的问题,本文提出了一种量化FMEA风险等级数的评定方法,并通过层次分析法(AHP)和模糊综合评判法(FCE)的理论分析,构建了动力定位控制系统的综合评判模型,将FMEA的结果进行了量化分析,从而能更好地预防故障的发生。以Arrow号近海支援船DP2动力定位(DP)控制系统为例,选择操作站操作面板为研究对象,对该系统的各个组成部分及其模块进行了故障模式与影响分析并做出评判,列出了可能发生的故障模式,确定了故障等级并提出了建议措施,其分析结果证明FMEA和模糊综合评判法是有效的。通过对动力定位控制系统进行故障模式与影响分析(FMEA),可以对动力定位控制系统和设备进行改进、维护和完善,以提高其可靠性,延长设备的使用寿命,提高动力定位船舶的安全水平。