The role of the contact geometry in wheel–rail impact due to wheel flats

A thorough investigation of wheel–rail impact due to wheel flats is presented, together with a quantitative characterization of the main mechanisms and parameters. A criterion for the speed with respect to contact loss between wheel and rail is derived. In the subcritical speed regime, the magnitude of the impact force is shown to be directly related to the geometry of the flat, whereas in the transcritical speed regime a fictitious or effective flat depth exists, which decreases with the second order of the speed. In this domain, the position of impact shifts towards the end of the flat with increasing speed. The impact force increases with the second order of the speed in the subcritical speed regime and approximately the first order of the speed in the transcritical speed regime. The magnitude of the impact force is inversely proportional to the minimum circumferential curvature of the wheel tread defect in the subcritical speed regime, and to the effective minimum curvature in the transcritical case. The variation with the flat depth is less; the impact varies with the square root of the flat depth. The presented theory is in accordance with measurements reported in the literature and explains characteristic features in them.     

连续箱梁支架预压技术

文章以郑西客运专线渭河特大桥工程为例,介绍了大型箱梁支架预压的工艺流程、预压荷载、加载范围及加载操作过程,提出了在加载过程操作中应注意的问题,为连续箱梁支架预压施工提供参考。     

高墩大跨铁路桥梁动力特性分析

近年来,随着我国铁路桥梁的迅速发展,桥梁的跨度越来越大,桥墩越来越高,体系越来越柔。高桥墩体自重大、柔度大、阻尼小。本文以某大跨高墩连续刚构桥为计算模型,应用通用软件Midas/Civil建立了三维动力有限元模型,对该桥进行动力特性分析,得出该桥的前十阶振型。并就加弹性阻尼器对结构的动力影响进行分析,得出加弹性阻尼器能够改变结构的动力性能。     

Proposed quick method for applying dynamic lane assignment at signalized intersections

Almost all researches about dynamic lane assignment were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of applying this technique at signalized intersections. However, little attention was given to the method of identifying quickly the optimum lane group. This research suggests a quick method to find the optimum lane group for 3-lane and 4-lane approaches at junctions where each approach has green by itself in turn using the percentage of turning movements. MATLAB environment was used to build an optimization model to find the optimal lane groups at all intersection approaches for hypothetical massive traffic demand combinations using an objective function of minimizing intersection delay. This finding represents a plausible quick method to predict the optimum lane group in the field instantaneously using the percentage of turning movements at the approach without conducting massive calculations.     

Simulation of dynamic interaction between train and railway turnout

Dynamic train-track interaction is more complex in railway turnouts (switches and crossings) than that in ordinary tangent or curved tracks. Multiple contacts between wheel and rail are common, and severe impact loads with broad frequency contents are induced, when nominal wheel-rail contact conditions are disturbed because of the continuous variation in rail profiles and the discontinuities in the crossing panel. The absence of transition curves at the entry and exit of the turnout, and the cant deficiency, leads to large wheel-rail contact forces and passenger discomfort when the train is switching into the turnout track. Two alternative multibody system (MBS) models of dynamic interaction between train and a standard turnout design are developed. The first model is derived using a commercial MBS software. The second model is based on a multibody dynamics formulation, which may account for the structural flexibility of train and track components (based on finite element models and coordinate reduction methods). The variation in rail profile is accounted for by sampling the cross-section of each rail at several positions along the turnout. Contact between the back of the wheel flange and the check rail, when the wheelset is steered through the crossing, is considered. Good agreement in results from the two models is observed when the track model is taken as rigid.     

现代有轨电车轨道路基联合优化分析

为得到有轨电车典型轨道路基最优设计参数组合,采用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS建立轨道路基空间耦合模型,运用正交试验方法研究扣件刚度、轨道板厚度、支承层厚度、基床总厚度、基床压实指标K_(30)这5种因素对轨道路基的受力和变形分布规律的影响。根据极差分析方法,确定影响轨道路基设计方案技术性指标和经济性指标的因素重要性次序,同时以基床总厚度为指标对比分析轨道路基联合设计方法与传统路基设计方法之间的区别。结果表明:采用轨道路基联合设计方法得到的轨道路基方案较传统单独设计方法获得的方案更加经济合理;综合考虑轨道路基设计的技术性指标和经济性指标,确定最佳轨道路基设计方案为扣件刚度40 k N/mm、轨道板厚度0.2 m、支承层厚度0.4 m、基床总厚度0.8 m、基床压实指标K_(30)(110 MPa/m)。     

Modeling the effects of traveler information on freeway origin–destination demand prediction

The primary focus of this research is to develop an approach to capture the effect of travel time information on travelers’ route switching behavior in real-time, based on on-line traffic surveillance data. It also presents a freeway Origin–Destination demand prediction algorithm using an adaptive Kalman Filtering technique, where the effect of travel time information on users’ route diversion behavior has been explicitly modeled using a dynamic, aggregate, route diversion model. The inherent dynamic nature of the traffic flow characteristics is captured using a Kalman Filter modeling framework. Changes in drivers’ perceptions, as well as other randomness in the route diversion behavior, have been modeled using an adaptive, aggregate, dynamic linear model where the model parameters are updated on-line using a Bayesian updating approach. The impact of route diversion on freeway Origin–Destination demands has been integrated in the estimation framework. The proposed methodology is evaluated using data obtained from a microscopic traffic simulator, INTEGRATION. Experimental results on a freeway corridor in northwest Indiana establish that significant improvement in Origin–Destination demand prediction can be achieved by explicitly accounting for route diversion behavior.     

钢桥面铺装沥青混凝土粘弹性本构分析

通过分析及研究钢桥面铺装沥青混凝土的粘弹性,考虑时间对沥青混凝土粘弹性的影响,进一步深入掌握其基本的力学性质,为揭示钢桥面铺装层破坏基本机理提供相应的依据。     

TMD减振技术在沈阳站房大跨度楼盖中的应用研究

新型铁路站房楼盖具有跨度大、刚度小、阻尼比低的特点,使得大跨度楼盖结构在人群活动下容易产生较大的振动,从而引起候车旅客的不舒适。基于国内外相关的研究成果,构造人群荷载的力学模型。针对沈阳站房大跨楼盖工程,选取TMD装置对结构进行人群荷载作用下的振动控制与舒适度设计,分别对多种人群荷载工况下减振前后楼盖结构的动力响应进行全过程分析,并对楼面结构减振前后的峰值加速度指标进行对比分析。结果表明:大跨楼面结构采用的TMD减振方案可以满足人群荷载作用下的舒适度要求,减振效果良好。     

纯电动载货车动力性和经济型参数设计

依据汽车动力性、经济性指标对载货车的动力电机和动力电池进行参数匹配。并利用CRUISE软件搭建整车模型,对该车进行了最高车速、加速时间、最大爬坡度及经济性仿真分析。