基于分子动力学模拟的橡胶改性沥青在集料表面的扩散特征研究

橡胶改性沥青和集料之间的界面作用与沥青路面的耐久性、高温稳定性有着重要联系而现有研究对该界面作用的微观认知尚不够全面。基于分子动力学模拟,以Materials Studio软件为研究工具,构建由基质沥青、天然橡胶沥青、顺丁橡胶沥青、丁苯橡胶沥青（15%掺量）与集料的4种主要矿物组成（石英、方解石、钠长石、微斜长石）两两构成的界面模型,从分子尺度上探究不同沥青组分在4种矿物表面的扩散行为,分析得到不同橡胶类型对其扩散作用的影响规律。结果表明：轻质组分在各矿物表面的扩散作用强于重质组分,相对分子质量对沥青组分的扩散速率起到关键作用;在不同矿物表面,橡胶分子链的加入对于提升沥青各组分扩散系数多为积极作用,且不同类型橡胶作用规律有所不同。研究结果可为不同矿料类型制备适配的橡胶改性沥青提供参考依据。     

钻爆法施工隧道噪声传播特性研究

钻爆法施工的隧道囿于半封闭环境和大功率高噪声机械分布集中的特点,施工噪声问题相比地面工程更加严峻。其中,尤以钻炮眼工序声压级最高。为研究隧道施工过程中工人接触的噪声大小和类型以及噪声在隧道内的传播规律,依托拉泽快速路圭嘎拉隧道工程,通过施工现场实测和Comsol Multiphysics软件声学数值模拟互相验证,发现掌子面工人工作区域的中高频噪声普遍达到105 dB(A)及以上,掌子面钻炮眼噪声传播至二次衬砌和仰拱区域后仍达到90dB(A),同时危害二次衬砌和仰拱区域施工人员健康。洞内空间声压级分布受洞内构筑物和边界条件影响,轴线方向衰减速率不均匀,同一断面内声能量由于拱形断面声聚焦效应,呈现同一断面内底板中线以上3～4 m局部声压级高于拱周的状态。     

A signal decomposition method based on repeated extraction of maximum energy component for offshore structures

Contrary to most signal decomposition methods that usually decompose an original signal into a series of components simultaneously, a novel approach based on repeated extraction of Maximum Energy Component (MEC) is proposed. The approach starts from determination of the MEC referring to the estimated Power Spectral Density (PSD) function, and then represents the MEC by employing an exponential function to fit the original signal. By defining a stopping criterion based on two adjacent estimated PSDs, each MEC can be accurately extracted with an improved performance throughout the entire signal decomposition. To verify the proposed method, a single degree-of-freedom system subject to harmonic loads has been examined. Numerical results show that the analytical response can not only be decomposed into four MECs corresponding to the excitation and the system, respectively, but also provide an accurate estimation of natural frequency and damping ratio of the system. Meanwhile, by observing results from the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and Prony based on state-space model (Prony-SS), an improved decomposition accuracy has been achieved from the proposed approach. Furthermore, experimental data from the Norwegian Deepwater Programme and two sets of field-test data from one fixed offshore platform and an offshore wind turbine have been used to demonstrate the correctness of the developed signal decomposition method. It is noted that divergence in results by Prony-SS can be observed when a very large model order is used, while the proposed method provides the better decomposition and reconstruction of signals.     

汽车导线性能和应用分析

汽车导线作为汽车线束重要的总成散件,在质量和成本方面都占据很大的比例。随着汽车工业的发展和日益激烈的市场竞争,汽车导线轻量化、低成本成为最重要的两个考量因素。本文将从导线性能入手,分析目前各种类型导线的技术特性和发展趋势。     

隧道口减光设施对照明的影响研究

近年来,伴随着我国基础设施建设的不断推进,隧道里程不断增多,隧道照明系统的重要性日益突出,因此对隧道洞口驾驶员视觉特性、减光设施的特点及减光效果进行研究,具有重要的意义。本文通过对隧道洞口驾驶员的视觉特性进行研究,分别论述各种洞口减光设施的特点,并以南京扬子江路隧道、富贵山隧道、双龙街立交隧道的检测数据为基础,计算减光设施对洞口亮度的影响,以及隧道内加强照明的亮度需求的降低程度,进一步分析得出采用减光设施对照明设施建设的投资影响以及可节约的照明养护成本等。     

Validation and application of nonlinear hydrodynamics from CFD in an engineering model of a semi-submersible floating wind turbine

Nonlinear hydrodynamics play a significant role in accurate prediction of the dynamic responses of floating wind turbines (FWTs), especially near the resonance frequencies. This study investigates the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to improve an engineering model (based on potential flow theory with Morison-type drag) by modifying the second-order difference-frequency quadratic transfer functions (QTFs) and frequency-dependent added mass and damping for a semi-submersible FWT. The results from the original and modified engineering models are compared to experimental data from decay tests and irregular wave tests. In general, the CFD results based on forced oscillation tests suggest increasing the frequency-depending added mass and damping at low frequencies compared to first order potential flow theory. The modified engineering model predicts natural periods close to the experimental results in decay tests (within 5%), and the underprediction of the damping is reduced compared to the original engineering model. The motions, mooring line tensions and tower-base loads in the low-frequency response to an irregular wave are underestimated using the original engineering model. The additional linear damping increases this underestimation, while the modified QTFs based on CFD simulations of a fixed floater in bichromatic waves result in larger difference-frequency wave loads. The combined modifications give improved agreement with experimental data in terms of damage equivalent loads for the mooring lines and tower base.     

舱内爆炸冲击载荷特性实验研究

  目的  为研究典型舱内爆炸载荷对加筋板的毁伤特性,将舱内爆炸载荷分为初始爆炸冲击波载荷和准静态气压载荷,利用有限元分析软件LS-DYNA开展爆炸载荷下固支单向加筋板毁伤特性的数值模拟。  方法  主要模拟载荷冲量相等和载荷峰值相等时固支单向加筋板的变形特性,以及加筋板分别在初始爆炸冲击波载荷、准静态气压载荷及2种载荷联合作用下的毁伤特性,并分析上述载荷作用下加筋板的变形特点。  结果  结果表明：当作用在加筋板上的冲量相等、载荷作用时间小于0.05倍垂向一阶自振周期时,加筋板的最终挠度值处于最大值附近;当载荷峰值相同时,存在饱和冲量值,达到饱和冲量值以后,载荷作用时间不再影响加筋板的最终变形。  结论  在舱内爆炸载荷作用下,加筋板的最终变形不是2种载荷作用下的简单叠加,2种载荷的联合作用会增强毁伤效果。     

高速高频船舶舵机系统动态特性分析与研究

为船舶高速高频舵机的设计提供理论依据和技术支撑,提出了基于ADAMS、SIMULINK和AMESim的联合仿真分析的新方法,分析了船舶舵机分系统单元、非线性因素与整机系统动态特性的关系。基于ADAMS、SIMULINK和AMESim建立了船舶舵机系统联合仿真模型,从时频角度研究了变量泵、控制系统、反馈机构及传感器的特性,以及间隙、死区、泄露、灵敏度等非线性因素对舵机系统频响特性的影响关系和规律,得出了高速高频舵机设计的一般准则。     

Dynamic diurnal social taxonomy of urban environments using data from a geocoded time use activity-travel diary and point-based business establishment inventory

In this paper, we explore the diurnal dynamics of joint activity participation in a small city in Pennsylvania, USA, using behavioral data and an inventory of business establishments. We account for the variation caused by the collective impact of social, temporal and spatial choices of individuals to produce predicted space–time visualizations of activity participation. The focus is on how social contexts of an activity impact the temporal and spatial decisions regarding the activity locations and how this impact varies depending on activity types. A comparison across activity types and social interaction types is made among spatial patterns during a day. The CentreSIM dataset, which is a household-based activity diary survey collected in Centre County (Pennsylvania, USA) in 2003, provides very detailed social interaction information enabling the analysis of social, spatial and temporal aspects of activity participation. In this paper we use this information to develop a spatio-temporal interpolation method and demonstration based on kriging. In this way, we extract the dynamic social taxonomy of places from the behavioral information in the dataset and suggest how urban and transportation models can be informed from the dynamics of places by observing “what is taking place” (activities being pursued in the context of this paper) combined with “what exists” (business establishments) or “what is available” (businesses that are open). The method here can also be used to improve the design of urban environments (e.g., filling gaps in desired activity locations), manage specific places (e.g., extending the opening and closing times of businesses), study transportation policies that are sensitive to time of day (e.g., pricing of parking to discourage crowding and traffic congestion), and modeling of spatio-temporal decisions of social activities in travel demand models (e.g., to guide the development of model specification and representation of the space in which behavioral models are applied).     

双薄壁墩连续刚构顶推力研究

文章结合深圳轨道交通某双薄壁墩连续刚构工程实例,阐述了确定连续刚构中跨合拢时顶推力大小的方法,并且对顶推前后连续刚构的受力特性进行了研究,其基本思路、方法和成果可供类似桥梁结构的设计施工参考。