车载第4代智能传感器的工作原理及常见检修方法

车载第4代传感器越来越多的应用于车辆上面,由于第4代传感器的工作原理不同,了解和熟悉它的原理变得越来越重要。本文依据对第4代传感器的工作原理和内部电路的分析,以主动轮速传感器为例子,分析了第4代传感器的检修流程和方法,对汽车技术维修有一定的参考价值和指导作用。     

盾构隧道下穿国铁站区工程安全性分析

以天津地铁3号线盾构隧道下穿国铁天津站工程为依托,采用荷载-结构模型,验算盾构隧道受力及校核管片配筋及采用地层-结构模型三维数值模拟盾构穿越天津站南北广场联络通道、雨棚基础的地层及结构变形,分析预测盾构隧道施工对既有铁路设施的影响,评估工程安全性,并对施工中采用的工程措施及对策提出建议,保证了既有铁路运营及结构安全。     

Study of Tunneling Technology in Tertiary Sandy Mudstone Strata with Rich Water under High Pressure: Case Study of Shuangfeng Tunnel of Mudanjiang Suifenhe Railway（第三系高压富水砂泥岩地层隧道技术研究——以牡绥铁路双丰隧道为例）

In order to deal with the technical problems of Shuangfeng Tunnel passing through water rich Tertiary sandy mudstone strata with long distance and big overburden, such as dewatering, advance reinforcement, structural design and construction method etc., reducing tunnel deformation, preventing water inrush, gushing mud and tunnel collapse, the technical route of "stereo exploration, pressure reduction by water releasing, pre grouting, supporting timely, overall monitoring" is established after the field test and data analysis. Methods of full dimensional exploration and water pressure reducing are proposed, which form the preceding reinforcing technology that are different between inside the excavation contour and outside the excavation contour. Support linings are constructed immediately after excavation of upper bench. Safety performance of tunnel structure is evaluated according to the monitoring results. The research is conducted based on Shuangfeng Tunnel and the study results are applied in the construction of the tunnel. Results indicate that it can make sense to control deformation and ensure safety by using methods of reducing pressure through full dimensional water release, adopting advance reinforcement measures that are different between inside the excavation contour and outside the excavation contour, proposing mini bench method during tunnel construction and supporting timely after excavation for tunnels passing through water rich Tertiary sandy mudstone strata.     

复合盾构土舱可视化实时监测系统研究

为了在复合盾构掘进过程中实时监测土舱的情况,获得刀盘的旋转状态、刀具的磨损状况、开挖地层的图像信息和渣土的流动特性,建立一套土舱可视化实时监测系统,该系统通过上位机监控系统实时监测前端设备的工作状态,并将摄像机采集的信号实时传输到视频采集系统。介绍该系统方案,重点探讨其结构设计、硬件设计、软件设计,并通过室内和现场试验进行验证该系统的有效性。结果表明,该系统可实现土舱的实时视频监控、录像、回放以及系统温度、湿度和压力的监测。     

Great Revolution in Maritime Transportation: Discussion on Preliminary Work and Operation Plan of Bridge/Tunnel Projects for Vacuum HTS Maglev Train at High Speed（畅想海上交通运输建设的伟大革命——真空高温超导磁浮高速列车桥隧工程前期工作与运行方案探讨）

The improvement in the operation speed of the transportation project means the progress and development of the construction technologies in transportation projects. In this paper, the following factors restricting the further improving of the speed of high speed railway are analyzed: as the operation speed increases, the trains in the dense atmosphere are subject to the wind induced resistance and various resistances caused by the friction between the wheels and the rails and by the irregularity of tracks, and the noise will also increase with a high power. Therefore, the economy and safety issues involved in the operation have become the main factors restricting the further improving of the speed of high speed railway. A scheme of vacuum pipelines of underwater vacuum tunnel and/or subwater bridge is proposed in this paper: the pipelines and cars are sealed and vacuated to form the quasi vacuum. The transportation system of the vacuum maglev train at ultrahigh speed with the HTS maglev technology can achieve the operation speed more than 4 times that of the existing HSR train (about 1 200 km/h). Key technologies for constructing the vacuum maglev tunnels/subwater bridges in respect of construction plans, vacuating and sealing, as well as maglev trains are introduced in this paper. The subjects to be further studied on the vacuum HTS maglev tunnels (pipelines) are analyzed from the aspects of technology, management, construction costs, operation expenses, candidate project, airtight materials for cars and evacuation in case of emergencies. It is recommended that "cross sea maglev train in vacuum tunnel" should be developed in the eco tourism project between the coastal cities and their neighboring islands and a series of necessary technical tests should be conducted during the trial operation, so as to obtain related experience. Based on the experience and lessons learned, the transportation system at ultrahigh speed may be implemented for strait crossing projects in China. Finally, a brief introduction to the research on HSR trains at ultrahigh speed in countries such as China, the United States and the Netherlands is presented in this paper. The development of vacuum pipeline transportation can drive the development of China′s transportation modes in a faster, safer and more energy efficient manner, facilitating the development of the fifth generation of transportation industry and its driving role in the social and economic development, and promoting the integration and progress of the economy of China or even the world at a higher speed.     

双护盾TBM分体始发技术研究与在青岛地铁1号线的实施

为保证在不具备整体始发空间的条件下双护盾TBM分体始发顺利实施,以青岛地铁1号线海泊桥站为例,针对城市地铁隧道施工始发场地有限的客观条件,以实现施工功能为导向,通过配套设备的优化布置并最大限度地利用双护盾TBM自身配置实现有限场地内最经济的TBM分体始发,并对分体始发的基本方案进行探讨。经研究分析可知： 1）分体始发时双护盾TBM需具备的基本配套系统为高（低）压供电系统及控制系统、冷却水系统、液压系统、润滑系统、脂密封系统、压缩空气系统、豆砾石回填系统、注浆系统、导向系统及除尘系统; 2）通过管线、线缆的延伸,双护盾TBM可在主机与后配套之间或主机与部分后配套之间任何位置断开。     

道路荷载及地下水渗流对盾构隧道围岩稳定性影响

以郑州航空港线地铁为工程实例,基于FLAC3D的有限差分的数值模拟方法,模拟分析了道路荷载下盾构隧道施工过程中围岩稳定情况,并分别采用不考虑地下水和考虑地下水渗流分析时,围岩稳定性的异同,分别从洞室水平竖向变形以及地面沉降等方面对比了围岩的稳定情况,重点分析了盾构隧道施工过程中围岩变形及对既有高速公路的影响和地下水对盾构隧道施工过程中围岩稳定性的影响,为盾构隧道的施工提出了建议。     

移动式布料皮带机在双护盾TBM出碴中的应用

隧道TBM施工采用有轨运输方式出碴时,掘进过程中矿车卸碴布料涉及工序较多,且牵引列车编组的内燃机车持续运行会增加尾气排放,造成隧道内空气污染。应用于青岛地铁隧道施工的双护盾TBM的后配套配置了移动式布料皮带机,该皮带机可实现往复移动和正反向运行为矿车卸碴布料。对该移动式布料皮带机的工作原理、结构组成、移动方式、张紧方式和驱动方式等进行研究,并分析其应用效果。实践证明,该技术应用于TBM后配套出碴可行、实用,简化了施工工序并提高了工作效率。     

软土地层盾构穿越密集房屋群水平定向注浆加固技术

为解决土压平衡盾构在敏感软土地层穿越密集房屋群过程中极易引发地表沉降和建（构）筑物损坏的问题,依托广州市轨道交通14号线盾构下穿姓钟围房屋群加固工程,提出水平定向注浆加固技术,该技术将水平定向钻孔技术与地面注浆技术相结合,利用无线随钻测斜系统实现钻机参数测量、采集、分析和定位,采用特制钢阀管下入钻孔,通过阀管向拟加固区域进行水平定向注浆。介绍该技术的水平孔钻探工艺,并分析其应用效果和经济效益。结果表明： 应用水平定向注浆加固技术,加固区变形量控制在±5 mm以内,未造成房屋开裂、倾斜、倒塌等不良社会影响,能有效保障土压平衡盾构在敏感软土地层中安全顺利通过密集房屋群; 水平定向注浆加固较MJS高压旋喷桩加固可节省费用600余万元,经济效益显著。     

岩石掘进机关键技术展望

经过5个阶段的发展,TBM在我国的应用正在不断推广,应用前景十分光明,挑战也十分严峻。简要总结我国TBM研究与应用的5个发展阶段和应用前景,分析TBM施工面临的6大挑战： 地质多样化带来更多的地质风险; 应用领域亟待拓展; 设备技术发展赶不上施工需求的变化; 施工进度不均衡; 施工环境越来越严苛; 存在不合理的施工合同。从TBM设计制造及施工应用的9个方面提出展望： 核心部件国产化; 提升各种地质条件下的破岩能力; 提高出渣能力及可靠性; 提升初期支护及超前加固性能; 研发异形断面TBM; 圆形断面TBM开挖隧道的空间合理利用; 大力推动TBM周转使用和再制造TBM应用; 研究极端恶劣地质条件下TBM施工技术; 促进国产配套施工设备研发应用。只有不断深入研究TBM设备与施工的关键技术及前沿技术,有效解决设备设计制造和施工过程中遇到的难题,才能不断提升我国TBM设备与施工技术水平,避免陷入关键技术受制于人的窘境,促进我国TBM事业持续健康发展。