浅析全寿命周期成本管理及其在机场跑道大修工程中的应用

全寿命周期成本管理的研究范畴是工程项目的整个生命期,其初期投入相对较大,而后期在成本控制方面的高效和可持续性优势十分明显。该文介绍了全寿命周期成本管理在实际工程中的应用。上海虹桥国际机场东跑道大修项目基于全寿命周期成本控制的理念,经过科学的比选,采用中厚层加铺方式进行不停航施工。在项目建设期间,全寿命周期成本管理理念全方位、多角度的运用使工程也在经济、环境、社会方面均获得了良好的效益,为全国民航机场工程建设特别是老跑道的大修改造提供一个很好的样板和示范。     

南港东部港区规划布局研究

本文重点对南港东部港区岸线布置、陆域功能分区、集疏运体系构建等进行了研究,并结合东港区自身特点提出了相关建议。     

Adaptation and Learning in Coastal Management: The Experience of Five East African Initiatives

This article explores principles of adaptive, learning-based resource management and their practical application in coastal management projects in East Africa. The principles of feedback and adjustment, experimentation, and carefully guided participatory processes that capture widespread knowledge are used to describe the experience of five projects in Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique. The findings are drawn from a variety of sources, including site visits and interviews. The main finding is that adaptive methods are a major feature of all projects, and the general approaches used in each case are similar.     

中东近代经济转型的动力与条件分析

中东近代经济转型的外部推动力量,来自工业文明的冲击和列强的经济渗透;内在动力是中东的政治精英们在自强意识支配下推行的改革。内外力的综合作用决定着中东能否突破传统农牧业社会的藩篱。像中东这样的“外源型”工业化地区,虽然也存在着有利于经济变革的条件,但经济基础的薄弱、政治因素的影响、严峻的国际竞争环境等,都是极为不利的条件。改革者们急于通过短期的西化改革摆脱落后面貌,但对来自社会内部和外部的阻力和诸多不利因素估计不足,也对经济发展和社会转型的长期性缺少理智而清醒的认识。所以,中东地区各国工业化的过程步履维艰、挫折不断。     

海南东环三亚站至三亚动车所应答器设置方案

主要介绍海南东环客运专线三亚站至三亚动车所之间应答器设置的3种方案:级间转换、CTCS-2贯通和手动转换方案。通过对这3种方案优、缺点进行比较、分析,得到最优方案。     

The effectiveness of differential pricing on route choice

The use of differential pricing as a means of traffic management has been advocated by specialists in the field of transport for quite some time. Because of technical and political reasons, a full-scale pricing scheme for the use of road space has yet to be introduced. Applying the principle to a highly automatic rail system, however, is technologically much more feasible. The Mass Transit Railway Corporation of Hong Kong has implemented a so-called revenue neutral peal pricing policy after the completion of a second cross-harbour route- the East Harbour Crossing — in May, 1990. Passengers travelling from Kowloon to the central business district (including Jordon and Tsim Sha Tsui on the Kowloon side and stations from Sheung Wan to Causeway Bay on the Island side) during the morning peak hour are confronted with the following choice: either (i) make use of the Nathan Road Corridor and pay 80 cents on top of normal face; or (ii) take the less congested but in general longer route via the East Harbour Crossing and get a 80 cents discount. The present paper attempts to analyse the effectiveness of this differential pricing policy in diverting passengers from the overcrowded section to the less heavily utilized route. A personal interview survey comprising a total of 1094 successful cases was conducted for this purpose. The logit regression model was employed to analyse the route choice. It is found that income, habit and journey time are the most important variables determining the route choice. The effect of cost or fare difference, although large in terms of magnitude, is only marginally significant in the statistical sense. It is suggested that efforts to change the passengers' habit and measures to shorten the train transfer time at the Quarry Bay Station for the East harbour Crossing users would be more effective in achieving this end. This is especially the case given the current political development in Hong King which renders further enlargement of the price difference a highly difficult proposition.     

论大陆架和专属经济区两种制度及中日东海划界

中国2004年5月底开发春晓油气田后,中日在东海的管辖划界争议升温。日本指责中国侵犯其专属经济区权益。春晓油气田的开发实际涉及的是大陆架的矿物资源,而非专属经济区的生物资源。中日东海争议的焦点是大陆架和专属经济区两种制度,而非日本单方面定的"中间线"。本文以《联合国海洋法公约》为依据,着重分析大陆架和专属经济区的两种制度及其异同;并参照国际上的一些实例,提议中日在东海宜以大陆架和专属经济区两条线来划界,作为过渡措施在两条线之间搞共同开发。文中对日本提出的"中间线"作了法理分析。     

济南东站交通枢纽桥梁工程设计

该文介绍了济南东站交通枢纽桥梁工程概况、总体结构设计以及工程设计特点等方面的内容。该项目业主对桥梁景观要求高,设计在常规桥梁结构基础上,灵活选择结构型式,重视桥梁景观设计,充分考虑相关工程影响,特别注重设计细节,较好地实现了城市设计的意图,设计中一些做法值得类似工程参考和借鉴。特别在跨龙脊河地面桥设计中,充分利用现场条件,因地制宜地选择结构形式,并对斜交异形现浇连续钢筋混凝土板进行详细的内力分析和配筋设计,成为该工程设计的另一亮点。     

How do the new shipping routes affect Asian liquefied natural gas markets and economy? Case of the Northern Sea Route and Panama Canal expansion

This study focuses on the expected impact of Northern Sea Route (NSR) usage and the Panama Canal (PC) expansion on liquefied natural gas (LNG) imports of Asian countries, from not only the macroeconomic viewpoint but also diversification of the supplying countries. First, the amounts saved from shipping costs due to these events are estimated, based on scenarios on the navigable period of the NSR, transit fee of the NSR considering the exchange rate between the Russian ruble and US dollar, and bunker fuel price. Second, a spatial general equilibrium model based on macroeconomic theory is applied to predict changes in LNG trade patterns and measure economic impacts due to the reduction of shipping costs. Finally, the impacts of NSR usage as well as the PC expansion on LNG imports of Asian countries are discussed based on the calculations. The results show that diversification of supplying countries for LNG imports can be observed, especially in Japan, the largest LNG importer in the world, and other Asian countries are secondarily affected by changes in Japan’s import pattern, with limited impacts on these countries’ national economies.