基于结果导向的绿色公路评价指标体系研究

本文在梳理绿色公路建设历程的基础上,结合绿色公路提出的时代背景、发展要求及目前评价指标体系存在的问题,借鉴目标管理法(MBO)突出结果导向,面向全寿命周期的三个阶段,从"资源节约"、"生态环保"、"低碳减排"、"智慧高效"等方面构建了包括4个一级指标、25个二级指标的绿色公路评价指标体系。     

Intermittent automatic train protection using an infrared system

Automatic train protection (ATP) is a vital part of the signalling system that prevents collisions between trains, especially on densely trafficked lines. Conventionally, ATP uses a transponder to communicate between an onboard train device and a trackside device. In Indonesia, ATP is not yet implemented and all trains are currently operated by drivers. It has now become a necessity to install ATP in Indonesia in order to protect train operations. However, as in many tropical and developing countries there are some environmental problems, especially heavy rain, as well as the theft of trackside equipment that influences performance. Installed trackside devices must therefore meet certain criteria such as low-cost configuration, minimalized devices on the track, ease of maintenance, etc. To address the necessity of ATP and to meet these criteria for trackside devices, we develop ATP using an infrared system. This type of ATP – the intermittent ATP system – consists of onboard devices and infrared sensors as trackside equipment. This approach to ATP offers a cost-effective solution and ensures the safety of train movements.     

舰载机箱的磁场屏蔽特性仿真

以往针对机箱电场屏蔽特性的研究较多,而对其磁场屏蔽特性的研究较少。然而,电场和磁场的屏蔽特性并不完全一样。因此,针对舰载机箱所受到的电磁辐射和干扰的威胁特征,基于有限积分技术对典型舰载机箱结构开展了磁场屏蔽特性仿真研究。获取了重要的机箱内部磁场屏蔽效能、箱内磁场分布和电流分布等仿真结果。而且屏蔽效能的仿真结果与IEEE文献中测试与计算结果吻合得很好,充分验证了仿真的有效性。最后,对磁场屏蔽效能、内场分布和表面电流分布进行了分析。特别是对机箱非正面的电流分布给出了合理解释,主要原因是与入射场的极化相关。研究成果对机箱的电磁防护设计提供了有力的技术支撑。     

船体外加电流阴极保护系统设计中问题的探讨

船体外加电流阴极保护系统国家标准(GB/T3108-1999)中关于设计电流密度的选取并由此计算船体的保护电流总量.由于船舶的结构布局等因素,往往使电极不能按理想的设计方案在船体E进行布置与安装,致使有些部位电流不足,导致部分船体得不到充分的保护.经实船实验证明,在船体设计安装外加电流阴极保护系统的同时,应在艉部等部位相应没计安装部分牺牲阳极以弥补辅助阳极电流之不足.     

论绿色壁垒的突破及其与世贸规则的协调

当今时代,随着国际贸易的日益融合和发展,国家之间因贸易而产生的摩擦也日益增多。追求贸易与环境的协调统一本来是发展大计。但当它成为发达国家设置的绿色壁垒时。如何应对,如何使其与世贸规则协调,则成为我国应该重视的问题。本文通过对绿色壁垒问题的研究,希望能对其突破及解决有所裨益。     

Adapting without Retreating: Responses to Shoreline Change on an Inlet-Associated Coastal Beach

Coastal barrier systems around the world are experiencing higher rates of flooding and shoreline erosion. Property owners on barriers have made significant financial investments in physical protections that shield their nearby properties from these hazards, constituting a type of adaptation to shoreline change. Factors that contribute to adaptation on Plum Island, a developed beach and dune system on the North Shore of Massachusetts, are investigated here. Plum Island experiences patterns of shoreline change that may be representative of many inlet-associated beaches, encompassing an equivocal and dynamically shifting mix of erosion and accretion. In the face of episodic floods and fleeting erosive events, and driven by a combination of strong northeast storms and cycles of erosion and accretion, the value of the average Plum Island residence increases by 34% for properties on the oceanfront where protection comprises a publicly constructed soft structure. Even in the face of state policies that ostensibly discourage physical protection as a means of adaptation, coastal communities face significant political and financial pressures to maintain existing protective structures or to allow contiguous groups of property owners to build new ones through collective action. These factors mitigate against adapting to shoreline change by retreating from the coast, thereby potentially increasing the adverse effects of coastal hazards.     

弯道抛石护岸水流特征及水毁试验研究

平顺抛石护岸在长江中下游应用最为广泛,能够增强堤岸的抗洪能力,保障中下游广大平原地区和沿江各大中城市的防洪安全。然而,护岸块石常常发生滑落导致护岸破坏。为了解其破坏机理,进行了不同岸坡坡度、不同块石粒径及大小、不同流速等条件下的水槽试验,从块石受力、弯道水流特征、块石位移特征及坍塌特征等方面研究了抛石护岸的水毁,提出了抛石护岸破坏程度的判别指标并给出需要维护的时间点的建议。     

航道保护及其范围划定方法探讨

针对航道保护的现状和需求,分析航道保护的内容及影响航道稳定的主要因素,提出核心保护区、敏感区的概念及相应保护措施,探讨航道保护范围划定的基本要求以及需要开展的基础工作等内容。以长江南京以下12.5 m深水航道一期工程航道保护的范围划定为例,对航道保护范围的划定流程提出可操作的建议。     

富水砂质地层的地铁区间隧道设计

深圳地铁2号线东延段安托山站—侨香站区间隧道顺利通过富水砂质地层的工程实例表明,在复杂地层中采用地面降水、超前预注浆及水平旋喷桩加固等辅助措施是成功的,也是必要的;另外,在隧道下穿次高压燃气管施工中,采用悬吊保护措施也为矿山法隧道施工和管线的绝对安全带来了技术保障。     

广西高速公路生态环境保护对策研究

文章针对广西高速公路生态环境现状,分析当前高速公路环境保护工作中存在的问题,从生态学角度提出了高速公路沿线生态环境建设和保护对策。