Breaking car use habits: The effectiveness of a free one-month travelcard

Based on calls for innovative ways of reducing car traffic and research indicating that car driving is often the result of habitual decision-making and choice processes, this paper reports on a field experiment designed to test a tool aimed to entice drivers to skip the habitual choice of the car and consider using—or at least trying—public transport instead. About 1,000 car drivers participated in the experiment either as experimental subjects, receiving a free one-month travelcard, or as control subjects. As predicted, the intervention had a significant impact on drivers’ use of public transport and it also neutralized the impact of car driving habits on mode choice. However, in the longer run (i.e., four months after the experiment) experimental subjects did not use public transport more than control subjects. Hence, it seems that although many car drivers choose travel mode habitually, their final choice is consistent with their informed preferences, given the current price–quality relationships of the various options.     

More gray hair—but for whom? Scenario-based simulations of elderly activity travel patterns in 2020

This paper reports the results of a scenario-based simulation study to explore mobility effects of an aging society in the Netherlands. Four accumulative behavioral scenario variants, embedded in an economic and demographic scenario are used to simulate possible future activity-travel patterns, using the Albatross system as the simulator. The variants account for likely differences in activity-travel behavior between elderly today and elderly in the future. Trends ongoing over the last decade in the Netherlands suggest that future elderly need to work longer, change their activity pattern with most growth occurring in the social/leisure activity category, will try to avoid morning peak hours by rescheduling their activities and may introduce more spatial diversity in terms of their residence location. Results show that these behavioral and spatial changes lead to a significant increase in travel demands as well as temporal, spatial and modal shifts in mobility patterns. We discuss possible policy implications of these predictions and evaluate the specific strength of activity-based models for studies of this kind.

城市交通可持续发展的模糊积分评价方法

根据城市交通系统的特点和可持续发展理论,选取公平性、发展能力、可达性、机动性、安全性和环境影响6个评价准则面,提出了从关于设施、服务和交通方式的控制变量指标到中间指标再到评价指标的选取方法。城市交通可持续性评价方法采用了建立在模糊测度基础上的模糊积分技术,并将其应用于淮北市交通可持续发展状况的评价。结果表明,构建的指标体系便于决策层调控设施、服务的供给以及车辆使用政策的确立,具有较强的实用性;对于准则间不严格独立及较多主观判断的城市交通可持续评价问题,基于非可加性模糊积分的评价方法有其适应性和有效性。     

航运对长江生态环境的影响和绿色航运体系研究

总结长江航运业对长江水、气、声、生态造成的影响,认为其污染具有长期性、分散性、固定性、流动性和复杂性的特点。为此,构建以生态港口和航道以及新型船舶制造为核心,以行业标准、环境监测网和科学研究为支撑的一套完整的绿色航运体系,对长江航运建设和绿色航运理念的推广具有借鉴意义。     

城市公交项目经济评价中的运营成本估算方法

本文从分析城市公交运营成本的构成出发,探索运用不同的公交运营指标分别计量各类运营成本的途径,并以一个简化的快速公交项目为实例,介绍了项目运营成本的估算方法和步骤,对可行性研究阶段的城市公交项目的经济评价工作具有一定的借鉴意义。     

长江航运污染事故经济损失评估模型探讨

为更好地为长江流域生态环境问题的解决提供重要的信息基础和决策依据，必须对长江航运产生的污染损失进行价值化描述。运用风险评估和环境经济学相关方法，对“8．5”“长阳”轮重大污染事故产生的经济损失进行了定量评估。     

内外贸同船运输下长江经济带穿梭巴士网络优化

为研究内外贸同船运输政策对航运企业布局长江经济带穿梭巴士网络的影响,本文允许同一船舶同时运输内贸集装箱和外贸集装箱,以总运输成本最小化为目标,考虑服务频率、多航次、时间窗、载重量等约束,构建基于轴辐式的长江经济带集装箱穿梭巴士网络优化模型。针对该模型,本文设计了包含5种破坏算子和2种修复算子的自适应大邻域算法求解模型,并选取上海和长江干线19个港口间的内贸集装箱运输和外贸集装箱运输进行实证分析。研究结果表明：实施内外贸同船政策可节约23.6%的总运输成本,提升平均舱位利用率至87%。该政策改变了原有穿梭巴士的网络结构,直达航次比例增加17%,加快了穿梭巴士的周转。同时,相比于设置1个枢纽港,长江经济带下游将南京港和太仓港共同设置为枢纽港更有利于中上游内外贸集装箱的中转,可节约6%～17%的总运输成本。     

LNG重型牵引车经济性及动力性研究

文章针对不同动力匹配的LNG重型牵引车,采用CRUISE仿真分析与车辆实际运行数据分析相结合的方法进行经济性及动力性研究,确定了仿真分析方法的可行性,为通过仿真分析进行动力匹配的优化提供了借鉴.     

电动汽车滑行制动能量回收过程驾驶性综合评价方法研究

电动汽车滑行制动能量回收过程的驾驶性是车辆纵向动力学瞬态品质的定性描述,为定量评价能量回收制动的驾驶性,对滑行制动过程中的减速特性进行分析,提取了最大减速度、减速滑行距离、最大减速度变化率、减速度变化率稳态占比4个客观指标,并通过相关性分析验证主观评价与客观参数的一致性。基于客观评价指标,利用非线性回归方法建立了主观评价预测模型。通过7台新能源车型共计18种能量回收模式下的综合评价,验证了评价体系的有效性和实用性。结果表明,基于主客观综合分析建立的评价体系能把主观感受和客观数据有机结合,实现驾驶性的量化评价。     

Sustainability at Spanish ports specialized in liquid bulk: evolution in times of crisis (2010–2015)

In Spain, 28 Port Authorities of general interest moved more than 168 thousand tonnes of liquid bulk (34% of overall traffic) in 2015. Almost 82% of this amount corresponded to eight ports (G-8) that have a refinery within their facilities. This unique degree of specialization and concentration makes this set of ports an ideal sample to analyse the evolution of their sustainability levels, particularly during the crisis started in 2008 and onwards. A proprietary methodology based on Multidimensional Synthetic Indices has been used. The comparison of the findings obtained for 2010 and 2015 allows a diagnosis of the evolution of port sustainability measured through the economic, institutional, environmental and social dimensions to be established, as well as a study of the patterns of behaviour that each port has followed in this issue.