电动汽车滑行制动能量回收过程驾驶性综合评价方法研究

电动汽车滑行制动能量回收过程的驾驶性是车辆纵向动力学瞬态品质的定性描述,为定量评价能量回收制动的驾驶性,对滑行制动过程中的减速特性进行分析,提取了最大减速度、减速滑行距离、最大减速度变化率、减速度变化率稳态占比4个客观指标,并通过相关性分析验证主观评价与客观参数的一致性。基于客观评价指标,利用非线性回归方法建立了主观评价预测模型。通过7台新能源车型共计18种能量回收模式下的综合评价,验证了评价体系的有效性和实用性。结果表明,基于主客观综合分析建立的评价体系能把主观感受和客观数据有机结合,实现驾驶性的量化评价。     

Testing port choice models using physical and monetary data: a comparative case study for the Spanish container trades

ABSTRACT

Transport costs are useful explanatory variables in port choice research. Nevertheless, the availability of such information usually poses a problem. Thus, the formulation of an alternative approach, to be used as a proxy of these variables, would be desirable. The objective of this study is to improve the analysis of container port choice using logit models by adopting physical non-monetary indicators based on maritime distance and ship size. The statistical tests of logit models on port choice using these new variables are compared with the result of using cost variables for the same data set of choice positions. The statistical outcome is good and allows us to present this new approach as a contribution to the literature on port choice modeling.     

Humpback Whales in Tonga: An Economic Resource for Tourism

The growth of whale-watching internationally has been spectacular. It now occurs in almost 100 countries and is estimated to be worth in excess of U.S.$1 billion each year in revenue. Thus, whales have become valuable as a resource for tourism. The Vava'u island group in the northern part of the Kingdom of Tonga in the South Pacific is an area with a growing reputation as a whale-watching destination. However, the industry is relatively new there and the impacts of whale-based tourism in these islands is, as yet, unknown. In addition, there has been a recent consideration of a return to hunting whales in Tonga. As a result, concerns regarding the value of these animals for tourism and the potential impact of a return to hunting have arisen. Consequently, a study was designed to provide a preliminary assessment of the economic impacts of these animals for the island community. This study estimates that humpback whales may be worth in excess of U.S.$700,000 annually as a tourism attraction and that there is significant potential for future growth. Furthermore, the study shows that current visitors are opposed to any resumption of whaling practices in the islands and that such a move would likely displace large numbers of tourists from Tonga. Thus, it is concluded that a resumption of whaling in Tonga would likely have a significant opportunity cost in terms of lost tourism revenues.     

Lessons Learned from ICOM Initiatives in Canada and China

Practical experience derived from current and developing integrated coastal and ocean management (ICOM) initiatives around the world demonstrates that these collaborative and integrated approaches to managing coastal and ocean resources are strongly influenced by various contextual factors including political, administrative, institutional, social, economic, and cultural. A comparative evaluation of two such ICOM initiatives—off the east coasts of Canada and China, respectively—provides valuable insights into how these factors play in the development, implementation, and success of these initiatives in two different settings. The evaluation framework developed and applied in this research focuses on evaluations of governance performance and management capacity, and applies both process- and progress-oriented indicators. Key findings include: (1) The Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management (ESSIM) Initiative focuses on the participatory approach that emphasizes equity and consensus among stakeholders, whereas the Bohai Sea Sustainable Development and Environmental Management (BSSDEM) Program benefits greatly from a comprehensive approach that integrates different governments/departments and bridges among stakeholders; (2) management approaches to ICOM strongly depend on the program objectives/priorities and local circumstances. Moreover, a total of thirteen recommendations are provided for the purposes of strengthening on-going programs and replicating success at a larger scale.     

How Are Our MPAs Doing? Challenges in Assessing Global Patterns in Marine Protected Area Performance

Without effective management, protected areas are unlikely to achieve the high expectations the conservation and development sectors have for them: conserving biodiversity and alleviating poverty. Numerous marine protected area (MPA) assessment initiatives have been developed at various spatial and temporal scales, including the guidebook How is your MPA doing? These management assessments have been useful to sites to clarify and evaluate their objectives, yet efforts to examine broader regional or global patterns in MPA performance are only beginning. The authors conducted exploratory trend analyses on How is your MPA doing? indicator data collected by 24 MPAs worldwide to identify challenges and areas for future work. Wide variability across sites with regard to the indicators examined and the constructs used to measure them prevented a true meta-analysis. Managers assessed biophysical indicators more often than socioeconomic and governance constructs. Investment by the conservation community to support collecting and reporting high-quality data at the site level would enable a better understanding of the variation in MPA performance, clarify the contribution of MPAs to both biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation, and help drive better MPA performance. The absence of rigorous and consistent monitoring protocols and instruments and a platform to turn raw MPA monitoring data into actionable information is a critical but under-recognized obstacle to cross-project learning, comparative analyses, and adaptive resource management.     

航运对长江生态环境的影响和绿色航运体系研究

总结长江航运业对长江水、气、声、生态造成的影响,认为其污染具有长期性、分散性、固定性、流动性和复杂性的特点。为此,构建以生态港口和航道以及新型船舶制造为核心,以行业标准、环境监测网和科学研究为支撑的一套完整的绿色航运体系,对长江航运建设和绿色航运理念的推广具有借鉴意义。     

高速公路营运期能耗体系与统计指标研究

针对当前高速公路节能评估与审查中遇到的问题,在分析高速公路营运期工作特点的基础上,总结了高速公路功能-载体-能耗的关系;结合现有的高速公路能耗分类,将高速公路按载体划分为隧道、收费站、营运管理中心、养护中心、服务区等7类耗能设施,按能耗类型分为电能、汽油、柴油、液化气、煤、水等,形成了相应的能耗构成体系;从如实反映能源消耗水平和能源利用效率的角度出发,建立了高速公路营运期能源消耗统计指标.以广东省高速公路营运期能耗结构和能耗水平分析为例,验证了其应用.     

基于熵权法的旅游公路景观评价指标权重研究

公路景观评价是衡量公路工程对环境影响程度的标准。文章使用熵权法来研究旅游公路景观综合评价中各指标的重要性,建立了评价指标体系和熵权模型,并针对公路景观构成要素设计指标的重要性进行问卷调查计算分析。结果表明,沿线生态环境类指标是旅游公路评价中最重要的指标,其次是公路设计要素类指标,最后是路域文化景观类指标。     

Effective Policy Evaluation: Refining Design Processes for Coastal Ecosystem Condition Indicators

To achieve the desired outcomes of ecosystem-based or integrated coastal management, paradigm shifts must occur in all stages of the policy process. This article focuses on the evaluative stage following policy implementation, specifically on the use of coastal ecosystem condition indicators. A review of the recent literature suggests that coastal ecosystem condition indicators with too broad a scale or too narrow a scope lose utility and applicability. An analysis of these problems of scale and scope reveals that the process through which an index is designed and selected can hinder or heighten its validity. Local and diverse stakeholder input can help to ameliorate weaknesses, increasing the evaluative validity of coastal ecosystem condition indicators.     

生物沥青调和沥青结合料与混合料性能指标的相关性分析

为探讨生物沥青调和沥青结合料与混合料性能指标之间的相关性,制备了掺量为0%、5%、10%、15%、20%的生物沥青调和沥青结合料和相应的AC-20C型沥青混合料,并进行了沥青结合料的常规性能试验、流变性能试验以及沥青混合料的高温性能试验、低温性能试验、力学性能试验。基于试验结果与数据分析,主要结论为:结合料与混合料高温性能指标之间基本上呈良好的线性相关性,但结合料的60℃黏度与混合料的高温性能指标之间不具有线性关系,而呈抛物线关系;结合料与混合料低温性能指标之间亦呈线性相关,但以延度作为生物沥青调和沥青低温性能评价指标的可行性有待进一步验证;与低温性能指标相比,结合料的针入度与混合料的高温性能指标之间的线性相关性更优,对于力学性能指标来说,针入度与抗压回弹模量之间线性相关性很好,而与劈裂强度之间则呈二次相关。