城市交通管理的国民经济效益评价方法研究

在对比分析现有国民经济效益评价方法的基础上,本文从时间节省、燃油节约和交通事故减少3个方面提出了适合我国国情的国民经济效益评价的模型与方法,探讨了模型中主要参数的计算方法和取值。以178个城市3年来的统计数据为基础进行了应用研究,结果表明,模型能够较为合理的对交通管理产生的国民经济效益进行评价。     

工程项目经济活动分析存在的问题及对 策简

开展经济活动分析,是施工企业进行经济核算、正确评估施工生产和经营活动的重要工作内容之一,被广泛运用到工程项目管理中。此文针对工程项目部管理的特点,阐述开展项目经济活动分析存在的主要问题。通过分析,提出开展项目经济活动分析的基本原则和方法,应采取的对策和措施。     

铁路工程材料经济运距计算方法及分析

工程材料的运杂费是工程造价的重要组成部分,他由采用的运输工具和运输距离所决定。如何在所设材料供应点满足工程用料量要求,且价格相等、运输单价相等的情况下,使运距最为经济,此文对几种运距的计算进行推导与说明,并以某拟建工程为例进行计算与比较。结果显示,采用平均运距相等法得出的经济运距稍微偏大,采用线性规划法得出的经济运距稍微偏少,但相差不大。其后又对各自的适用条件和优缺点进行了对比,以期为工程建设管理提供参考。     

大瑞铁路长大隧道地热段技术经济研究

随着西部大开发战略的实施,在西部山区修建的铁路逐渐增多,建设中遇到的长大隧道也越来越多,还有地热高温隧道,其施工存在一定的难点.此文以大瑞铁路重点地热高温隧道为例,在阐述其工程特点和水文、地质情况的基础上,就如何采取地热降温措施进行探讨,并对施工的经济性进行分析,提出应增加的有关费用,确保隧道工程投资的准确性。     

城市轨道交通客流特征分析在可研阶段的应用

城市轨道交通的工程可行性研究是一项涉及众多专业、复杂程度高、综合性强的系统工程,为更准确地把握客流特征,根据城市轨道交通工程可行性研究阶段客流预测的主要内容,就反映沿线区域特性的客流预测指标进行分析,包括高峰小时客流量、平均运距、换乘系数、区域OD和客流不均衡性等,以长春北湖线一期和成都10号线一期工程可行性研究为例,从与上位规划的符合性、线路特点的一致性和对工程方案的指导性3个方面阐述多指标结合的客流特征分析方法。     

基于压缩感知隧道结构健康监测与可靠性评价

为了弥补隧道监测数据缺失导致信息丢失的不足,从而能够更好地评价地铁隧道结构健康状况,基于压缩感知理论对健康监测数据进行处理,通过对运营地铁的结构健康监测数据进行压缩和重构,减少对原始监测数据的传输和存储压力,以提高获取的地铁健康相关数据的信息完备与可靠性,为隧道结构健康安全评价提供数据基础。在此基础上,构建运营地铁隧道安全风险指标评价体系,在获取完备数据的基础上,基于不确定性视角,采用云推理综合评估运营地铁隧道的可靠程度,以及时掌握运营地铁的安全状态,并找到影响其可靠性的关键风险,从而制定相应的管控措施。最后以武汉地铁2号线长汉区间监测点的累计沉降作为数据样本进行实例分析,结果显示压缩感知能使监测数据重构以获得完备数据,再利用逐级云推理得到安全风险等级云图与实际情况相符。     

行车准点率与RAMS可靠性的相关性

从服务表现指标与系统保证RAMS（可靠性、可用性、可维护性及安全性）的联系切入,采用由上而下分解法和由下而上验证法,论述表现轨道交通运营服务质量的宏观指标（行车准点率）与反映机电系统设备性能的微观指标（可靠性）之间的联系。以屏蔽门为例,定性并定量地论证行车准点率与可靠性之间的相关性,分析行车准点率与RAMS可靠性之间相互作用和相互依存的紧密关系,探索基于RAMS建立运营服务指标体系的理论和实践依据。     

高速铁路建设对沿线城市经济发展的促进作用

国内外诸多经典理论研究表明,城市的发展与地理环境、资源、人口、交通网络等诸多因素有关,其中城市交通和城市间的铁路交通网对城市的形成与经济发展影响最大。此文在阐述国内外高速铁路发展概况的基础上,依据城市经济学相关理论,建立城市通达性与城市经济总量的关系模型,通过选取样本空间,进行相关数据归纳和分析,论述高速铁路建设缩短了城市间的时空距离,提高了城市间的通达性,加快了区域间资源、技术及信息的交流,增加了城市的GDP总量,促进了城市经济的发展,对中部城市经济发展的促进作用更加明显。     

Improved Management Effectiveness of a Marine Protected Area through Prioritizing Performance Indicators

The management success of a marine protected area (MPA) is essentially a social construct because people have differing views on what defines success. Conflicting opinions between stakeholders need to be identified and resolved to ensure these factors do not interfere with successful functioning of MPAs. This study looked at developing and prioritizing performance indicators for Maria Island Marine Nature Reserve (MIMNR), Australia. Performance indicators were developed for MIMNR based on an expert-led, structured framework and then prioritized using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), with respect to input from key informants of stakeholder groups. Results showed that all stakeholder groups agreed that management of MIMNR should first focus on “abundance and size of native species,” and that managers, fishers, and environmental nongovernmental organizations place a significantly higher priority on ecological over socioeconomic and governance performance indicators. Researchers placed even emphasis across all priorities. Results suggest that MIMNR should first focus on monitoring “abundance and size of native species” and demonstrates the capacity of the AHP to increase management effectiveness and improve the decision-making process. Furthermore, by identifying where discrepancies in preferences exist, the outcomes of this research can be used to enhance collaboration among stakeholders.     

The Increasing Role of Latent Variables in Modelling Bicycle Mode Choice

The growing interest in promoting non-motorised active transport has led to an increase in the number of studies to identify the key variables associated with bicycle use, and especially those related to the bicycle mode choice problem. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the modelling literature on the choice of the bicycle for utilitarian purposes, and summarises and assesses the evolution of the explanatory variables and methodologies used. We review both the evolution of the incorporation of latent variables in bicycle mode choice models and the critical role they play. The chronological evolution of the studies is divided into three stages —initial, intermediate and late — according to the different ways of introducing attitudinal or perceptual indicators and latent variables into the models. Our review shows that the incorporation of latent variables in bicycle choice models has increased in the last decade, with a progressive use of more sophisticated methodologies until the arrival of complex models that explicitly and properly deal with psychological latent variables. In fact, with the use of hybrid choice models, latent variables have nowadays become the core of bicycle mode choice models. Based on our review, a set of questions is proposed as a uniform measurement scale to identify attitudes towards bicycling. Recommendations for future research are also presented.