新能源汽车对主驱电机特性的敏感性研究

为研究新能源汽车能耗、性能匹配等关键因素对电机效率MAP的敏感性及其外特性影响,文章以一台8.5m纯电动公交大巴为研究对象,结合高级车辆仿真软件ADVISOR,对主驱电机性能匹配的敏感性因素进行了详实的分析,校核了电机的爬坡动力性能、最高车速性能,以及模拟了车辆在中国典型城市道路工况下的行驶里程及能量消耗情况,并提出了两种电机方案分别对整车进行适配,结果表明第二种电机方案与整车匹配度较高,车辆大部分工况运行在主驱电机MAP的高效区里,为新能源汽车的驱动电机优化设计,提供了一定的参考。     

政策法规变化对公路煤炭运输行业的影响研究

随着排放法规升级、“公转铁”等政策的实施,促使公路煤炭运营模式进入深度调整期,收益模式由原来的粗放型逐步向集约型转化,文章通过对典型公路煤炭运输模式进行市场调研,并用TCO全生命周期运营成本分析法对影响公路煤炭运输运营成本的相关因素进行分析得出:1)公路煤炭运输在法规的影响下运营成本升高、用户收益空间变窄;2)公路煤炭运输行业开始寻求运营成本更低的集约化运输模式,以实现降本增效。     

The impact of Low Emission Zones on particulate matter concentration and public health: A Comment

Malina and Scheffler estimated the impact of Low Emission Zones (LEZs). LEZ effects are small and bias control is of paramount importance. Based on our analyses we conclude that the point estimate of monetary health benefits calculated by Malina and Scheffler is probably too high and the uncertainty reported possibly too small.     

我国铁路集装箱快捷运输发展探析

分析国外铁路集装箱快捷运输现状,从运输组织、运输装备和集装箱箱型等方面阐述我国铁路集装箱运输业务发展历程,总结分析我国铁路集装箱快捷运输条件。从轻质适箱货物、冷链货物、港口集装箱货物、中西部货物、电商货物等方面,分析我国铁路集装箱快捷运输的市场需求。从运输组织效率、运输装备性能及运输装备保有量等方面,指出发展我国铁路集装箱快捷运输需要解决的问题和建议。     

高原铁路施工降效研究概述

高原地区铁路规划建设是我国铁路总体规划的重要组成。高原铁路施工受高海拔、低含氧量、气候干燥等因素影响,现场施工作业的人工、机械效率与平原地区相比存在较大的差异性。本文分析了高原铁路施工的环境特点,梳理了现有研究成果,对比了不同行业造价标准规定,建议高原铁路施工降效研究应充分考虑不同专业施工人工、不同类型施工机械实际降效的差异性,并结合现场实际测定数据按每增加500m划分海拔高度,合理确定人工和机械的降效幅度。     

单缸风冷汽油机高压缩比燃烧室的优化设计仿真研究

针对燃油经济性问题,论文以非道路单缸风冷170F汽油机为研究对象,高热效率为核心目标,运用仿真软件对燃烧室形状和压缩比进行优化。在保证不发生异常燃烧的前提下,使用CONVERGE建立仿真模型,并设计仿真了四款高压缩比燃烧室对发动机性能的影响。通过对仿真数据的具体分析来确定较为理想的燃烧室模型。研究结果表明,在自身小型强化技术进一步完善的前提下,可考虑轻微爆震的压缩比情况,此时压缩比为10.5,整机指示热效率较原机提升46.61%,理论燃油消耗率下降至252.69 g/(kW·h),较原机下降31.79%。该种燃烧室改良方法有较好的节能减排前景,在同类机械不同机型上有一定的应用普适性,具有实用推广的能力。     

Efficiency of a highway use reservation system for morning commute

This paper examines the design and efficiency of a highway use reservation system where commuters need reservations to access a highway facility at specific times. We show that, by accommodating reservation requests to the level that the highway capacity allows, traffic congestion can be relieved. Generally, a more differentiated design of the reservation system yields a higher reduction of travel cost and thus achieves a higher efficiency. The efficiency bound of the system is established. We also show that braking or tactical waiting behaviors of drivers would cause a loss of efficiency, which thus need be proactively accommodated. Given that user heterogeneity cause further loss of efficiency, we explore how two specific types of user heterogeneity affect the system efficiency. Auction-based reservation is then proposed to mitigate the efficiency loss.     

某N_1类Ⅱ型双回路皮卡前失效制动性能提升

以国内某Ⅱ型双回路皮卡前失效性能为研究对象,根据整车道路试验结果,结合鼓式制动器的台架试验数据,并对比理论计算数据进行原因分析。针对前失效制动距离过大提出相应改进措施,并进行试验验证。试验结果表明,理论分析计算和改进措施有效,为后期后鼓式制动器的设计和整车制动系统匹配提供了技术支持。     

Highway alignment optimization through feasible gates

An efficient optimization approach, called feasible gate (FG), is developed to enhance the computation efficiency and solution quality of the previously developed highway alignment optimization (HAO) model. This approach seeks to realistically represent various user preferences and environmentally sensitive areas and consider them along with geometric design constraints in the optimization process. This is done by avoiding the generation of infeasible solutions that violate various constraints and thus focusing the search on the feasible solutions. The proposed method is simple, but improves significantly the model's computation time and solution quality. Such improvements are demonstrated with two test examples from a real road project.