电控单体泵系统喷射特性仿真研究

对电控单体泵的喷射特性进行了建模仿真。研究了燃油系统结构参数对喷射压力和喷油速率的影响以及转速对喷射延迟的影响。结果表明:喷射延迟时间随着转速的增加而增加;喷射压力与柱塞—喷孔直径比成正比,而喷油速率与柱塞—喷孔直径比成反比,柱塞—喷孔的直径比决定了燃油喷射系统可能达到的最大喷油压力和最大喷油速率;最大喷射压力和最大喷射速率都随着长度比的升高而降低,最大喷射压力受长度比的影响比最大喷射速率更加敏感。     

New applications of EXIT chart for iterative decoding systems

Applications on iterative control and multiple input multiple output （MIMO） system were developed. Two new charts derived from extrinsic information transfer （EXIT） chart were employed as the designing tools, which are called as output mutual information chart with defined iterative degree （DID） chart and near optimum output mutual information （NOMI） chart respectively. Different from the EXIT chart, they can show the iterative performance on the whole signal-to-noise ratio range with one single curve, whereas computation complexity is greatly reduced compared with conventional bit error ratio （BER） performance curve. The iterative control was implemented according to a near-optimum iterative degree vector determined by NOMI chart, the reasonability of uncertain parameters was analyzed in one MIMO system. The concepts were illustrated based on bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding （BICM-ID）.     

Addressing electric vehicle (EV) sales and range anxiety through parking layout,policy and regulation

Electric Vehicles (EV) are highly beneficial due to their reliance on electricity and Climate Change response yet EV sales are lower than would be expected due to range anxiety. If a potential buyer cannot be assured of having constantly-available and compatible charging stations, they will not purchase an EV. To increase the sales of EVs through improved charger availability, this paper examines parking configurations, charger design, convenient “EV only” parking, free charging, etiquette in unplugging another’s vehicle, and legislation. Data were derived from academic publications, trade market press, conversations, personal observations, and laws. The results show that chargers are often in a lot’s corner and thus accessible only to one vehicle, EV owners leave their charged car in the space, drivers use EV spaces for parking, etiquette cards are not understood, and legislation makes it illegal to unplug another’s EV. Improvements include less convenient charger spots, an octopus charger in the middle of the parking lot, modest charging fees to foster turnover, chargers that indicate an EV is charged, education and legislation about etiquette cards, and legislation that allows an individual to unplug another’s charged EV. Improvements to charging should be implemented simultaneously to lessen range anxiety and realize the environmental benefits from reductions in gasoline consumption and mobile source air pollution.     

Development of a representative urban driving cycle construction methodology for electric vehicles: A case study in Xi’an

This paper develops a systematic and practical construction methodology of a representative urban driving cycle for electric vehicles, taking Xi’an as a case study. The methodology tackles four major tasks: test route selection, vehicle operation data collection, data processing, and driving cycle construction. A qualitative and quantitative comprehensive analysis method is proposed based on a sampling survey and an analytic hierarchy process to design test routes. A hybrid method using a chase car and on-board measurement techniques is employed to collect data. For data processing, the principal component analysis algorithm is used to reduce the dimensions of motion characteristic parameters, and the K-means and support vector machine hybrid algorithm is used to classify the driving segments. The proposed driving cycle construction method is based on the Markov and Monte Carlo simulation method. In this study, relative error, performance value, and speed-acceleration probability distribution are used as decision criteria for selecting the most representative driving cycle. Finally, characteristic parameters, driving range, and energy consumption are compared under different driving cycles.     

一种电气化铁路低压电力电子电源装置研究

铁路电力设计规范规定,通信设备、信号设备、信息设备等一级负荷需要由两路相互独立的电源供电。为解决我国西部电网薄弱地区铁路沿线上述用电负荷供电可靠性问题,提出一种电气化铁路低压电力电子电源装置。针对接入需求,详细描述该低压电源的拓扑结构和工作原理。同时,为适应输入侧电压波动问题,提出双闭环整流控制策略和输出电压控制策略。考虑到实际应用的多种方式,提出固定式安装和移动车载式安装的新思路,以适应不同场合下的应用需求。之后利用PSIM仿真软件搭建详细的仿真模型,通过仿真结果证明了本电源拓扑、原理、控制的可行性。最后,在实验室搭建了所述电源的实验室样机,利用实验证明了低压电力电子电源具有良好的可实现性。     

船舶喷砂除锈爬壁式机器人设计

设计了一种船舶喷砂除锈爬壁式机器人,用以代替人工高空除锈作业。通过静力分析仿真,确定了负载、单个磁吸附单元磁力和壁面角度之间的关系,并确定了保证不下滑和不翻转的最大负载。通过动力分析仿真,确定了电机及减速器输出的最小转矩。根据仿真结果研制了爬壁机器人样机,该机可在各工况下进行运作,且能爬越10mm高的障碍,能够满足工作要求。     

多源激励谱反演振荡研究

多源激励谱反演属于逆问题范畴,反演解在系统共振频率及低频段会出现振荡.文章以数值仿真与理论相结合的方法,开展了矩形板四种方案的虚拟实验来研究多源激励谱反演振荡问题.首先进行了板的模态分析和响应分析,数值解与理论解吻合良好,验证了方法的可行性.然后分别以直接法、截断奇异值分解法(TSVD)、Tikhonov正则法对板的多源激励谱进行反演.结果表明:(1)多源激励谱反演时,保证响应点数量大于激励点数量可有效抑制反演解在共振频率处的振荡;(2)采用TSVD法、Tikhonov正则法可有效抑制反演解的低频振荡.最后,用反演的激励谱重构接收点的响应谱,重构解与理想值吻合较好,验证了虚拟实验及方法的可信性.     

37000总吨邮船生活污水系统设计

针对邮船上的生活污水系统出现故障时,既会给船舶防污带来很大影响,又会给乘员的生活带来诸多不便的问题,以国内首艘自主设计的37000总吨邮船为例,介绍邮船生活污水系统的设计过程、工作原理和设备选型,阐述该系统如何满足安全返港要求和设计过程中需注意的事项。     

Energy consumption and cost-benefit analysis of hybrid and electric city buses

This paper presents a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of hybrid and electric city buses in fleet operation. The analysis is founded on an energy consumption analysis, which is carried out on the basis of extensive simulations in different bus routes. A conventional diesel city bus is used as a reference for the CBA. Five different full size hybrid and electric city bus configurations were considered in this study; two parallel and two series hybrid buses, and one electric city bus. Overall, the simulation results indicate that plug-in hybrid and electric city buses have the best potential to reduce energy consumption and emissions. The capital and energy storage system costs of city buses are the most critical factors for improving the cost-efficiency of these alternative city bus configurations. Furthermore, the operation schedule and route planning are important to take into account when selecting hybrid and electric city buses for fleet operation.     

On-line estimation of state-of-charge of Li-ion batteries in electric vehicle using the resampling particle filter

Accurate battery state-of-charge (SOC) estimation is important for ensuring reliable operation of electric vehicle (EV). Since a nonlinear feature exists in the battery system and particle filter (PF) performs well in solving nonlinear or non-Gaussian problems, this paper proposes a new PF-based method for estimating SOC. Firstly, the relationships between the battery characteristics and SOC are analyzed, then the suitable battery model is developed and the unknown parameters in the battery model are on-line identified using the recursive least square with forgetting factors. The proposed battery model is considered as the state space model of PF and then SOC is estimated. All experimental data are collected from the running EVs in Beijing. The experimental errors of SOC estimation based on PF are less than 0.05 V, which confirms the good estimation performance. Moreover, the contrastive results of three nonlinear filters show PF has the same computational complexity as extend Kalman filter (EKF) and unscented Kalman filter (UKF) for low dimensional state vector, but PF have significantly better estimation accuracy in SOC estimation.