Ductile crack initiation behavior in steels with compressive prestrain

It is well known that compressive prestrain reduces ductility in steels. On the other hand, it has also been found that high stress triaxiality reduces equivalent plastic strain at the onset of ductile fracture. In this research, plate specimens and notched bar specimens, which were prestrained in compression with bending, were used in reversed bending tests, and the effect of compressive prestrain on ductile crack initiation in steels was investigated. It was found that small ductile cracks occurred from the microscopic wrinkles which were formed on the concave surface with compressive prestrain. The critical relationship between stress triaxiality and equivalent plastic strain at ductile crack initiation was investigated by finite-element analysis. It was found that ductile crack initiation in steels with compressive prestrain can be estimated qualitatively by the relationship between stress triaxiality and equivalent plastic strain.     

临时路径发生器学引的UUV跟踪控制(英文)

A path following control algorithm for an unmanned underwater vehicle(UUV) using temporary path generation guidance was proposed in this paper.Owing to different initial states of the vehicle,such as position and orientation,the path following control in the horizontal plane may yield a poor performance.To deal with the negative effect induced by initial states,a temporary path generation was presented based on the relationship between the original reference path and the vehicle’s initial states.With different relative positions between the vehicle and reference path,including out of straight lines,as well as inside and outside a circle,the related temporary paths guiding the vehicle to the reference path were able to be generated in real time.The vehicle was guided to steer along the temporary path until it reached the tangent point at the reference path,where the controller was designed using the input-output feedback linearization method.Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is effective under the three different situations mentioned above.     

舰艇防护等级的等效厚度研究

简要回顾了舰用装甲结构形式的发展历程,提出了不同防护等级所对应的装甲结构形式应有不同的设计理念。为了更加规范化和方便评价防护效果,通过数值仿真将破片统一为10g或26g破片模拟弹,并将防护等级表示为均质钢板厚度,新的防护等级标准的概念更清晰、更简捷。     

Equivalent design pressure for ship plates subjected to moving slamming impact loads

When a ship navigates at sea, the slamming impact can generate significant load pulses which move up along the hull plating. The effect of the moving pressure has so far not been explicitly considered in the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships. Based on a modal superposition method and the Lagrange equation, this paper derives analytical solutions to study the elastic dynamic responses of fully clamped rectangular plates under moving pressure impact loads. The spatial variation of the moving slamming impact pressure is simplified to three types of impact loads, i.e. a rectangular pulse, a linearly decaying pulse and an exponentially decaying pulse. The dynamic responses of fully clamped rectangular plates under the moving slamming impact pressure are calculated in order to investigate the influence of the load pulse shapes and moving speed on the plate structural behaviour. It is found that the structural response of the plate increases with the increase of the moving speed. The response of the plate subjected to a moving pressure impact load is smaller than the case when the plate is subjected to a spatially uniform distributed impact load with the same load amplitude and load duration. In order to quantify the effect of the moving speed on the dynamic load, a Dynamic Moving Load Coefficient (DMLC) is introduced as the ratio between the dynamic load factor for the moving impact load and that under the spatially uniform distributed impact load. An expression for DMLC is proposed based on analyses of various scenarios using the developed analytical model. Finally an empirical formula which transforms the moving impact loads to an equivalent static load is proposed.     

铂电阻数字测温仪表的最佳设计方案

提出了铂电阻数字测温仪表的最佳设计方案,分析了铂热电阻传感器的非线性特性;论证了现有的线性化方法的利弊,确定了采用非线性A/D转换器实现线性化补偿的设计方案;详细介绍了在-200℃~850℃范围内任意量程的最佳线性化参数及最大非线性化误差的计算方法;给出了具有三线制导线电阻消除功能的仪表完整的设计原理图及整机调试方法.该设计方案整机稳定性好,线路简单易行,调试方便,线性化精度高,不需要基准电压源,适用于全范围内任意量程的仪表,最大限度地降低了铂电阻数字测温仪表的元器件成本和调试成本,另外,同一个线路板,可用于铜电阻数字测温仪表.该设计方案具有很高的推广应用价值.     

深海潜标多螺旋桨推力姿态控制仿真

海洋潜标上搭载的环境监测设备和仪器对潜标姿态提出了不同的要求,针对潜标在水平流的作用下产生纵倾和横倾时的姿态主动控制问题,化简潜标空间运动的非线性数学模型为2个垂直面运动模型,基于该解耦模型,采用多螺旋桨推力为控制量,提出了一种基于输入输出线性化的状态反馈姿态控制律,并编制Matlab程序进行仿真。结果表明,该控制律能够将处于不同海流流向下的深海潜标的姿态控制到参考姿态。     

桥梁隔震设计中几种等效线性化方法比较研究

对LRB桥梁设计领域中流行的几种等效线性化方法进行了研究。对各个方法的等效刚度与等效阻尼比的计算进行了比较,确定了其参数敏感性,并对导致其不同的原因进行了初步分析,并分别比较了传统的经典阻尼理论与最新的模态应变能理论求解隔震系统阻尼比的计算方法。针对系统阻尼对桥梁设计反应谱的影响,列举了包括直接位移法在内的几个影响系数计算公式,分析了其中的异同。以一座实桥为例,通过与非线性时程分析比较,对各个等效线性化方法进行了评价。所有的方法大部分情况下均高估了结构的位移响应,即均低估了结构的阻尼。不同方法对结构力与力矩响应的评估水平不同,但是对隔震设计均能起到较好的指导意义。     

In-plane Auto-Parametric Vibration of Inclined Cables under Random Transverse Excitation

In-plane auto-parametric stochastic vibration of inclined cables subjected to Gaussian white noise in transverse bridge orientation is investigated. Based on Newton＇s laws of motion and Galerkin＇s modal truncation principle, the influences of geometry nonlinearity induced by sag and large displacement of cables and the initial equilibrium state are taken into account. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional non-linear differential equations of inclined cables for coupling vibration are deduced, equivalent stochastic linearization method is applied to derive the 14-dimensional first-order nonlinear differential equations of state vectors, and the Runge-Kutta integration method is utilized to obtain the root mean square （RMS） response. Results show that when the transverse random excitation imposed on the stayed cable exceeds a critical value, the in-plane transverse vibration of the cable are excited due to tim auto-parametric nonlinear coupling, and the critical value of random excitation increases with the damping ratio. In this motion, the cable response possesses non-stationary characteristics, even though the loading keeps stationary.     

六五式制式桥墩整体稳定实用计算方法研究

六五式制式桥墩是由制式器材拼组而成的大型钢结构,由于型式多样、结构复杂,研究其整体稳定实用的计算方法很有必要。尝试把制式桥墩整体稳定问题的计算转化为与其等效的轴心压杆稳定计算问题,并对其整体稳定的实用计算方法进行研究,具有一定的理论意义和工程应用价值。     

自升式平台拖航阻力评估

本文选定了自升式平台离岸拖航的环境条件,利用经验公式、CFD软件和数值积分方法,分别计算得到平台在拖航过程中受到风载荷、流载荷和波浪载荷。计算结果表明自升式平台桩腿长度对拖航阻力的影响非常大,流载荷在拖航阻力中所占比例很小,主尺度变化的对拖航阻力的影响主要体现在波浪载荷上。