平行流冷凝器在大型货车空调中的应用

空调系统是现代货车的重要组成部分,空调系统性能的优劣关系到驾驶安全。平行流冷凝器作为新一代高效冷凝器,具有体积小、结构紧凑、换热效率高等诸多优点,可提高货车空调性能。本文就平行流冷凝器在大型货车上的应用进行了分析,总结出：在货车上应用平行流冷凝器不仅投资可减少,还可以降低油耗和变暖总当量（TEWI）,节能和环保效果较好...     

双球面减隔震支座等效摩擦系数理论分析与试验研究

对双球面减隔震支座的主要参数等效摩擦系数进行理论分析、数值模拟及试验研究,为桥梁、建筑结构的抗震设计与分析提供参考。试验研究包括在竖向承载力和加载频率不同时等效摩擦系数的对比分析,并分析支座等效刚度、等效黏滞阻尼比及滞回曲线。结果表明:支座滞回曲线的试验值与模拟值、理论分析结果基本接近,验证了支座的等效摩擦系数理论公式的正确性;支座主要设计基本参数及等效摩擦系数的模拟值及试验值与理论值基本相符,进一步验证了支座的等效摩擦系数理论公式的合理性。     

铂电阻数字测温仪表的最佳设计方案

提出了铂电阻数字测温仪表的最佳设计方案,分析了铂热电阻传感器的非线性特性;论证了现有的线性化方法的利弊,确定了采用非线性A/D转换器实现线性化补偿的设计方案;详细介绍了在-200℃～850℃范围内任意量程的最佳线性化参数及最大非线性化误差的计算方法;给出了具有三线制导线电阻消除功能的仪表完整的设计原理图及整机调试方法.该设计方案整机稳定性好,线路简单易行,调试方便,线性化精度高,不需要基准电压源,适用于全范围内任意量程的仪表,最大限度地降低了铂电阻数字测温仪表的元器件成本和调试成本,另外,同一个线路板,可用于铜电阻数字测温仪表.该设计方案具有很高的推广应用价值.     

Norm approximation method for handling traffic count inconsistencies in path flow estimator

Path flow estimator (PFE) is a one-stage network observer proposed to estimate path flows and hence origin–destination (O–D) flows from traffic counts in a transportation network. Although PFE does not require traffic counts to be collected on all network links when inferring unmeasured traffic conditions, it does require all available counts to be reasonably consistent. This requirement is difficult to fulfill in practice due to errors inherited in data collection and processing. The original PFE model handles this issue by relaxing the requirement of perfect replication of traffic counts through the specification of error bounds. This method enhances the flexibility of PFE by allowing the incorporation of local knowledge, regarding the traffic conditions and the nature of traffic data, into the estimation process. However, specifying appropriate error bounds for all observed links in real networks turns out to be a difficult and time-consuming task. In addition, improper specification of the error bounds could lead to a biased estimation of total travel demand in the network. This paper therefore proposes the norm approximation method capable of internally handling inconsistent traffic counts in PFE. Specifically, three norm approximation criteria are adopted to formulate three L_p-PFE models for estimating consistent path flows and O–D flows that simultaneously minimize the deviation between the estimated and observed link volumes. A partial linearization algorithm embedded with an iterative balancing scheme and a column generation procedure is developed to solve the three L_p-PFE models. In addition, the proposed L_p-PFE models are illustrated with numerical examples and the characteristics of solutions obtained by these models are discussed.     

摩托车片式离合器耐久试验模拟参数的确定

片式离合器是摩托车上的重要部件,不同的摩托车其试验模拟参数也不同。LNS型摩 托车片式离合器耐久试验台是利用磁粉制动器和惯性轮分别模拟摩托车在4°35'坡道上,处于满 载常用起步档时,折算到离合器的坡道阻力矩和当量惯量。     

A nonlinear model reference adaptive inverse control algorithm with pre-compensator

In this paper, the reduced-order modeling （ROM） technology and its corresponding linear theory are expanded from the linear dynamic system to the nonlinear one, and H∞ control theory is employed in the frequency domain to design some nonlinear system＇ s pre-compensator in some special way. The adaptive model inverse control （AMIC）theory coping with nonlinear system is improved as well. Such is the model reference adaptive inverse control with pre-compensator （PCMRAIC）. The aim of that algorithm is to construct a strategy of control as a whole. As a practical example of the application, the nunlerical simulation has been given on matlab software packages. The numerical result is given. The proposed strategy realizes the linearization control of nonlinear dynamic system. And it carries out a good performance to deal with the nonlinear system.     

架悬机车驱动装置悬挂参数及结构的研究

采用多体动力学软件SIMPACK建立完整的动力学模型,分析架悬式机车驱动装置悬挂的纵向、横向刚度对其振动加速度和机车平稳性能的影响,发现在10 kN.m-1数量级选择纵、横向刚度,可以显著改善机车的横向性能和电动机工作条件,有效降低横向轮轨力,还可以提高机车的稳定性。认为采用摆杆悬挂是实现弹性架悬的重要结构方式。提出了等效刚度的概念,分析表明在相同的等效刚度下,传统架悬模型和弹性架悬模型的计算结果是吻合的。     

开关电源电磁干扰的分析与抑制

介绍开关电源工作时对电网产生电磁干扰,分析干扰产生的原因;提出抑制电磁干扰的方法,给出了应用结果。     

Control of a hydraulically actuated continuously variable transmission

Vehicular drivelines with hierarchical powertrain control require good component controller tracking, enabling the main controller to reach the desired goals. This paper focuses on the development of a transmission ratio controller for a hydraulically actuated metal push-belt continuously variable transmission (CVT), using models for the mechanical and the hydraulic part of the CVT. The controller consists of an anti-windup PID feedback part with linearizing weighting and a setpoint feedforward. Physical constraints on the system, especially with respect to the hydraulic pressures, are accounted for using a feedforward part to eliminate their undesired effects on the ratio. The total ratio controller guarantees that one clamping pressure setpoint is minimal, avoiding belt slip, while the other is raised above the minimum level to enable shifting. This approach has potential for improving the efficiency of the CVT, compared to non-model based ratio controllers. Vehicle experiments show that adequate tracking is obtained together with good robustness against actuator saturation. The largest deviations from the ratio setpoint are caused by actuator pressure saturation. It is further revealed that all feedforward and compensator terms in the controller have a beneficial effect on minimizing the tracking error.     

重载货车转向架非线性干摩擦力等效线性化及在车桥耦合中的应用

采用基于振动周期内平均功率相等的描述函数法,对重载货车转向架的非线性干摩擦力进行等效线性化,即将斜楔与摇枕间的垂向和横向非线性摩擦力线性等效为垂向和横向线性阻尼力,将旁承和心盘处的回转摩擦阻力矩线性等效为同转摩擦阻尼力,进而建立重载货车的等效线性动力学模型.以C80型重载货车为例,分别采用给出的等效线性动力学模型和非线性动力学模型进行重载货车动力学仿真计算.结果表明:等效线性动力学模型虽然小幅度增大了车体的垂向和横向平稳性指标、轮轨横向作用力、脱轨系数和轮重减载率,但是仍在GB/T 5599-1985标准范围内,满足其各项评价指标要求,验证了用描述函数法对非线性干摩擦力等效线性化的正确性和合理性;说明基于描述函数法的重载货车等效线性动力学模型可以替代复杂的非线性动力学模型进行重载货车通过既有桥梁的车桥耦合动力响应分析,为重载货车的非线性悬挂系统参数优化和车桥耦合动力学性能分析提供了新的有效途径.