Increasing urban tram system efficiency,with battery storage and electric vehicle charging

This paper examines the possible placement of Energy Storage Systems (ESS) on an urban tram system for the purpose of exploring potential increases in operating efficiency through the examination of different locations for battery energy storage. Further, the paper suggests the utilisation of Electric Vehicle (EV) batteries at existing Park and Ride (P&R) sites as a means of achieving additional energy storage at these locations. The study achieves this through MATLAB modelling utilising captured GPS data and publically available information. This study examines the scenario of uni-directional substations with no interconnection between the overhead catenary for both directions of travel, and discusses the trade-offs between ESS size and required current limits.The results show the savings in both energy and basic CO₂ emissions alongside the discussion of Return on Investment (RoI) that can be achieved through the potential installation of ESS at identified ideal locations along the tram network. Moreover, this may be extended to the use of EVs as stationary ESS sited at the existing P&R facilities. Further, the model may also be used to inform future infrastructure upgrades and potential improvements to air quality within urban environments.     

基于Markov模型的电解电容可靠性评估

基于Markov（马尔可夫）模型提出了一种对电解电容可靠性评估的方法.文中分析了电解电容的等效电路模型、老化损伤机理,通过RESR（等效串联电阻）表征了电解电容的失效率,然后将电解电容分为正常、老化损伤和完全失效三状态.根据马尔可夫模型建立电解电容的状态转移图,求出其可靠性,以开关电源的BUCK电路为例,通过仿真试验算出了电解电容实时的RESR和失效率,进而完成了对其可靠性的表征.     

Ultimate strength assessment of stiffened panel under uni-axial compression with non-linear equivalent single layer approach

Steel stiffened panels are widely used in engineering design and construction. However, numerical modeling and analysis effort for a three-dimensional (3D) stiffened panel may be notable, especially for the ultimate limit state of ship structures. Therefore, a homogenization method is outlined that transforms 3D stiffened panel into an Equivalent Single Layer (ESL) concerning the same mechanical behavior. ESL stiffnesses are obtained with a unit cell analyses based on stiffened panel where periodicity is imposed with boundary conditions based on a first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). Stiffnesses were determined from the first derivative of a membrane force and bending moment obtained with numerical simulations. The effect of initial imperfection shape was included in the analysis to account for local and global buckling behavior. ESL with non-linear stiffness was implemented in Abaqus UGENS subroutine, allowing incremental evaluation of stiffness. Ultimate strength prediction of a steel grillage model with ESL finite element analysis was in excellent agreement with detailed 3D FEM analysis. The key in this analysis was consideration of non-linear ESL stiffness as linear analysis was unable to detect the point where ultimate strength capacity of the grillage was reached.     

Plastic deformation of ship plate subjected to repeated patch loads at different locations - Elastoplastic numerical analysis and design equation

Ship structures may be subjected to repeated random patch loads at different locations. Under these circumstances, ship plates will have large accumulated permanent deformations, which will result in some serious negative effects on their work and safety performance. Therefore, the elasto-plastic response of ship structure under repeated patch loads at different locations are studied by using finite element method. The permanent deformations of plate in the whole loading and unloading process are investigated. In addition, the residual stress and plastic strain states of the panel and stiffeners are studied based on a typical wheel-on-deck interaction scenario. Moreover, according to Hughes's hypothesis, the equivalent method between repeated patch loads at different locations and full uniform pressure load is studied. Considered the influence of plate slenderness, the improved formula for equivalent load coefficient is proposed, showing a good correlation with experimental data and numerical results. The proposed equivalent method can be used for estimating the permanent deformations of ship structures under repeated patch loads at different locations in ship life.     

预制装配式连续小箱梁桥横向分布系数计算分析

通过空间有限元法分析预制装配式连续小箱梁桥的活载效应,与各类荷载横向分布方法的计算结果进行对比分析。从而验证各类荷载横向分布方法的适用性和误差大小,据此提出了能够适用这类桥梁的横向分布计算方法。并给出具体修正系数。     

DILLIMAX690T高强度结构钢焊接工艺

通过斜Y铁研抗裂性试验、拉伸、弯曲、低温冲击、硬度等试验方法对DILLLMA X690T(即D690T)新型高强度结构钢焊接接头的抗裂性和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明:D690T高强度结构钢有一定冷裂倾向,但在预热温度≥100℃时,选取适合的焊接材料,可避免裂纹的产生;D690T高强度结构钢的同种接头及分别与HG785E高强钢、Q345E低合金钢焊接的异种接头均具有良好的拉仲、弯曲性能和低温冲击性能;焊接热影响区的硬度偏高,在实际生产时可适当提高预热温度.     

船舶非线性横摇运动方程的线性化研究

考虑阻尼力矩和恢复力矩的非线性,运用能量法对正横规则波中船舶非线性横摇运动方程进行等效线性化,导出等效线性系数表达式,并验证其工程实用性,为船舶横摇预报提供理论分析计算模型。     

基于鲁棒反馈线性化的船舶航向鲁棒内模控制

针对具有不确定项的船舶航向非线性数学模型,结合鲁棒反馈线性化方法和鲁棒内模控制算法设计出了船舶航向的鲁棒内模控制器.该方法先将船舶航向非线性数学模型鲁棒线性化,在补偿型船舶航向鲁棒控制律的基础上,设计出内模控制算法.鲁棒内模控制器中的反馈滤波器可以抑制参数摄动引起的实际输出与模型输出的误差,并对相关参数进行在线校正.以...     

应用零航速减摇鳍的海洋机器人近水面时的横摇减摇控制(英文)

A zero-speed fin stabilizer system was developed for rolling control of a marine robot.As a robot steering device near the sea surface with low speed,it will have rolling motion due to disturbance from waves.Based on the working principle of a zero-speed fin stabilizer and a marine robot’s dynamic properties,a roll damping controller was designed with a master-slave structure.It was composed of a sliding mode controller and an output tracking controller that calculates the desired righting moment and drives the zero-speed fin stabilizer.The methods of input-output linearization and model reference were used to realize the tracking control.Simulations were presented to demonstrate the validity of the control law proposed.     

基于增益调度的大压力筒压力跟踪控制

针对大压力筒压力控制的大惯性特征,采用控制进出压力筒液体容积的方式,实现压力筒内部压力的精确跟踪。建立系统非线性数学模型,在平衡点处线性化系统状态方程,采用极点配置方法设计系统在平衡点处的状态反馈解耦控制器。结合增益调度控制器设计策略,采用Back to turn(BTT)方法,得到系统全局保稳定控制器。仿真结果表明了本文所提出的控制器设计方法的有效性。