The Impact of Urban Freight Transport: A Definition of Sustainability from an Actor's Perspective

Abstract

This paper presents a definition of sustainable urban freight transport (SUFT), based on the existing theories and concepts, and develops an indicator set that describes SUFT. The definition of SUFT makes a categorisation of actions possible which enables actors to select effective strategies towards SUFT. The indicator set consists of two levels: impact indicators – which describe how the urban freight transport violates the principles of sustainability; and performance indicators – which describe different categories determining the characteristics and performance of the urban transport system. A literature study analyses the characteristics determining the performance of actors in the urban freight transport chain. Knowing the current state and improvement potential of the urban freight transport system are prerequisites for defining successful strategies and implementing effective actions.     

A simulation of transit bus emissions along an urban corridor: Evaluating changes under various service improvement strategies

This study investigates the impacts of transit improvement strategies on bus emissions along a busy corridor in Montreal, Canada. The local transit provider, Société de Transport de Montréal, has implemented a number of strategies which include the use of smart cards, limited-stop (express bus) service, and reserved bus lanes along this corridor. Using data collected on-board for instantaneous speeds and stop-level ridership, we estimated bus emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants at three levels: road segment, bus-stop, and per passenger. A regression of segment-level emissions against a number of explanatory variables reveals that reserved bus lanes and express bus service reduce emissions significantly. On the other hand, smart card use reduces idling emissions compared to other fare payment methods. Our findings are of most relevance for transit planners who are seeking to implement different strategies to reduce emissions and improve transit performance.     

车站货运整合系统的研究和实现

介绍了车站货运整合系统研制的背景、设计的解决方案和系统的主要功能以及批准车入库的实现方法,说明了此系统的实用性和独创性.     

计算机集散控制系统在黄石港的应用

在介绍黄石港二、三号码头系统的基础上,提出了一种适用于散货码头的三级分布式集散控制系统体系结构,同时还介绍了系统的软件设计及实现、简易实用的联络和监视系统。系统的实际运行验证了设计的正确性。     

考虑资金约束的中欧班列运价与运量决策分析

针对围绕中欧班列业务而产生的中小企业资金约束问题,本文考虑运输价格和运输服务质量双重需求特征,构建由中欧班列和国际货代公司组成的二级物流服务供应链博弈模型,分别求解无资金约束、银行融资、中欧融资及集中决策这4种情景下双方的运价决策和利润函数。以利润函数最大化为目标,探究货代公司自有资金、中欧班列运输服务质量对双方定价与融资决策影响的作用机理,验证不同融资模式选择的可行范围,并进行数值分析。研究表明：资金约束使得中欧班列运输价格升高,但相比银行融资模式,中欧融资模式能够提供更低的运输价格。中欧融资模式下,双方利润受货代公司自有资金的影响,只有当自有资金小于某临界值时,双方才会选择该融资模式,且中欧融资模式下,供应链整体绩效高于银行融资模式。     

Decomposition analysis of decoupling freight transport from economic growth in China

Freight transport industry plays a significant role in boosting economic growth, while also creating many negative externalities for social welfare and the environment. Using data from 1997 to 2017, this study employs the complete decomposition technique to identify the driving forces of freight transport and explores its internal relations with economic growth in China. The decomposition analysis focuses on four factors that are responsible for freight transport: economic activity, industrial structure, transport intensity, and haulage distance. Then, the decoupling index is adopted to examine the decoupling relationship between freight transport and economic growth in China. The results showed that weak decoupling between freight transport and economic growth was the main state during the study period. A strong decoupling effect was identified in 1997–1998, 2012–2013, and 2014–2015, whereas no decoupling effect was observed in 1998–1999, 2008–2009, and 2011–2012. The transport intensity was the most important contributor to the decoupling progress, the industrial structure effect played a role in promoting the decoupling progress over half of the years during the research period, and the haulage distance effect facilitated the decoupling progress in more than one-third of the years examined.     

哈尔滨局集团公司货运智能决策支持系统研究

为加强哈尔滨局集团公司各系统间货运数据资源整合,提升营销精准度,在众多物流企业中占据竞争优势,阐述哈尔滨局集团公司铁路货运营销管理现状,针对现有信息系统缺少对市场行情、经济形势的采集和分析等问题,结合商业智能相关技术,分析当前货运营销管理决策的特点及需求,提出构建哈尔滨局集团公司货运智能决策支持系统的目标及架构,设计智能人机交互、智能搜索引擎、市场营销管理、客户行为感知、市场行情监测、自定义报表查询等功能,为哈尔滨局集团公司货运营销管理提供了重要支持。     

实行大客户运费集中结算深化铁路大客户战略实施

对2005年铁路大客户工作进行了简要总结,明确了2006年大客户工作目标和重点任务,并对实施集中结算的意义、流程规定、结算系统支撑功能和当前工作进展情况进行了深入阐述和分析,指出全面实行大客户运费集中结算后,将不断深化铁路大客户战略实施,促进路企实现共赢发展。     

Environmental justice and hazmat transport: A spatial analysis in southern California

This paper explores whether the risk of a toxic release during transport is greater in poor and minority neighborhoods using a combination of mapping and statistical methods. Cluster analysis is used to examine the density of facilities and transport spill events as well as test for the spatial covariance between facilities and spills. Strong clustering of transport spills is evident, as well as clustering between factory sites and transport spills. A spatial model demonstrates raised rates of transport spills surrounding clusters of toxic firms. Most spills in Los Angeles occurred within 2 km of an intermodal facility. The last step of the analysis compares risk and facility clustering between neighborhoods and socio-economic groups, finding that hazmat spills during transport disproportionately occur in Latino neighborhoods in Los Angeles. The results clarify the spatial distribution of risk and nuisance from freight in urban landscapes.     

海洋运输运价保值市场的研究和创新

国际上创设的多种运费衍生市场，理论上能够起到运费保值的作用，但因市场交易清淡，保值范围非常有限。针对国际集装箱运输市场的特点，本文提出了运费保值市场的架构：创设以做市商为中心的、零售性质的远期运费合同市场，以利于中小型外贸公司规避运价的不确定性，并建立集装箱远期运费协议市场，以便做市商、大货主和大船运公司在衍生市场进行运费保值。