区段站阶段计划的优化模型和算法

以区段站阶段内准点满轴发车为目标,建立混合０－１规划模型,并根据大系统理论将系统分解为４个有序的子系统,同时给出分解算法,为阶段计划的计算机自动编制提供了一个优化决策基础。     

技术站调度决策支持系统的研究--到发线的合理使用

建立了一个计算机编制到发线运用计划的二次０－１规划模型,并将该模型化解为两个简单的０－１规划模型,简化了求解难度,提高了求解效率。     

六跨连续梁0号块托架设计

针对渭滩渭河特大桥2联(40+4×65+40)m连续梁桥墩截面尺寸的多样性,通过对桥墩上部连接位置先预留槽口,后采用垫块垫出的方式,设计了一套适应全桥桥墩且可拆卸重复利用的三角托架,建立有限元整体分析模型,检算结果表明:托架结构在满足施工安全要求的同时,可满足此桥所有桥墩之间的通用,节省了材料和工程投入,为此类桥梁0号块托架施工设计提供经验。     

Environmental impact assessment of sediment dumping in the southern Baltic Sea using meiofaunal indicators

An experimental sediment dumping was carried out in the southern part of the Mecklenburg Bight in June 2001. Foraminiferans and ostracods from superficial sandy sediment were studied in a time series from before dumping until March 2004 in order to assess changes in associations and recolonization patterns of both groups. Additionally, an area sampling covering the dumping site and its surroundings from 15.5 to 20.7 m water depth made it possible to compare associations inside and outside the dumping area as well as the water depth dependent distribution of foraminiferans and ostracods. Salinity values vary within the high alpha-mesohaline and low polyhaline range. The dominating species are Ammotium cassis (Foraminifera) and Sarsicytheridea bradii (Ostracoda). The diversity is low (Fisher alpha index from 0.4 to 3.2 for foraminiferans and 1.0 to 2.5 for ostracods), but higher within the dumping site samples. These higher values are explainable by input of allochthonous tests and valves representing additional species. After the sediment dumping it took two and a half years to re-establish the total foraminiferan association and the total foraminifer/ostracod ratio within the dumping site. Total foraminiferan abundance increases remarkably with water depth (mean 83 tests in 100 ml) driven by higher nutrient availability and more suitable salinity and temperature values within the zone of the oscillating halocline. The distribution of shallow water species such as Cribroelphidium excavatum, Eucythere argus and Hirschmannia viridis, within the transient water layer A. cassis, Nodulina dentaliniformis, S. bradii and Palmoconcha laevata and below Eggerella scabra indicate the depth position of the halocline. Water depth and sediment dumping influence are the main driving factors for the distribution of foraminifer and ostracod associations within the study area. However, a significant sedimentological difference between samples inside and outside the dumping area is not recognizable.     

FPSO资产管理

浮式生产储卸油装置FPSO(Floating Production,Storage and Offloading)以其全海式操作、海域/油矿适应性强、可长期系泊、储存能力大、可转移重复使用、建造/改装周期短、费用低廉以及投资回报快等优势,在世界海上油气开发中得到广泛应用,成为海上油气生产主流设施.目前我国已有13艘FPSO其拥有量已位居世界前列.随着海洋石油工业向纵深发展以及边际油田的开发,还会有更多的FPSO投入使用.我国的FPSO分布在渤海和南中国海海域,有的由FPSO国内管理,有的由国外管理,管理上存在很大差异.如何探索FPS0资产管理的最佳模式,应引起足够重视.本文简要回顾了FPS0的发展、介绍了国内外FPSO资产管理的现状、阐述了FPS0资产管理的概念并从管理公司的角度以设施/设备管理为重点讨论了不同模式下FPSO的资产管理,以探讨FPSO资产的科学管理之策.     

基于流式I／O的TCP／IP通信协议的实现方法

作者简要介绍了AT&T的UNIX SYSTEM V所支持的网络通信功能,重点是分析其网络通信功能的内部实现机制--流(Stream)以及流机制(STREAMS),并给出了基于流式I/O的TCP/IP通信协议的实现方法.     

沙港大桥刚构0号段支撑设计及施工技术

昌万公路沙港大桥桥长486m,宽12 5m,其中主跨为75m+75m悬灌箱梁, 0号段支撑采用托架加斜拉施工。介绍了本桥0号段支撑设计及施工要点。     

Optimization of traffic demand management policy in China: towards a sustainable mode split

The rapid increase in private car use in large metropolitan areas has led to irrational travel mode splits and severe traffic problems. Traffic demand management (TDM) is an effective policy to achieve a more sustainable development of traffic systems. This study analyzes the relationships between TDM policy, mode split, and travel mode choice using Stackelberg game theory. Then, using 0–1 programming, it establishes a combination of TDM policy instruments that can achieve a more sustainable mode split in a city and provides a case study in China. The method presented in this research has strong theoretical implications for TDM policymakers.     

悬浇连续梁0#块支架受力计算

对斜钢管柱＋牛腿的0#块支架形式进行分析计算,给出了这种结构的MIDAS计算模型及墩身预埋牛腿的受力计算。     

Surface chlorophyll in the Black Sea over 1978–1986 derived from satellite and in situ data

Absolute values of chlorophyll a concentration and its spatial and seasonal variations in the Black Sea were assessed by using satellite CZCS and in situ data. Since the satellite CZCS had operated for the 1978–1986 period, CZCS data was used for assessing the past state of the Black Sea just before the onset of drastic changes observed in late 1980s. The approach used for the calculation of the absolute values of chlorophyll a concentration from CZCS data was based on the direct comparison of in situ chlorophyll a data and those of CZCS and by applying the algorithm developed for the transformation of CZCS data into chlorophyll a values. CZCS Level 2 data related with pigment concentration having a spatial resolution of 1 km at nadir were used. The daily Level 3 files were derived by binning Level 2 values into 4-km grid cells and the monthly and seasonal Level 3 files were created by averaging the daily Level 3 files over the corresponding period. In situ chlorophyll a data were obtained by spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods in 15 scientific cruises over the 1978–1986 period. Total number of ship-measured data used for the comparison with those CZCS values was 590.Chlorophyll a concentration (Chl) was derived from CZCS values (C) with regression equations Chl=kC; the coefficient of transformation k was calculated from six different data sets by taking into account distinctions between subregions and seasons. The reasons for difference in the k values have been analyzed.Statistical comparison of the chlorophyll a values measured in situ and those derived from CZCS data was based on log-transformed data and gave the following results: regression SLOPE=0.842, regression INTERCEPT=−0.081, coefficient of determination (R²)=0.806, root–mean–square ERROR=0.195. The mean monthly chlorophyll a distributions derived from CZCS data over 1978–1986 have been constructed and the mean seasonal chlorophyll a values in different regions have been calculated and analyzed. The significant difference in chlorophyll concentration between the western shelf regions and the open part of the Black Sea has been demonstrated, especially in warm season. At almost all seasons, the highest chlorophyll concentration is observed in the western interior shelf region which is under strong influence of Danube. The summer mean chlorophyll concentration in this region is 18 times higher than that in the open parts and about nine times higher than in the eastern shelf region. The greatest seasonal variations are observed in the open part of the Black Sea: chlorophyll concentration in cold season is four to six times higher than in summer and three to five times higher than in April and October. To the contrary, in the western interior shelf regions, the concentration is higher in May–October (about twice than that in November–March). Seasonal variations in the western outer shelf regions are smoothed out as compared with both the western interior shelf and the open regions.