混凝土的施工温度与裂缝

通过查阅有关混凝土内部应力方面的专著,结合现场观察,对混凝土温度裂缝产生的原因、现场混凝土温度的控制和预防裂缝的措施等进行阐述。     

纤维沥青混合料在高速公路大修改造中的应用

实践证明，将纤维加入到沥青混合料中，可以明显改善沥青路面的综合路用性能，尤其是在防止反射裂缝能力、增强抗车辙能力等方面效果突出。     

A probabilistic damage tolerance concept for welded joints Part 2: a supplement to the rule based S–N approach

The first part of this paper presented the required statistics and stochastic models for reliability analysis of the fatigue fracture of welded plate joints. This present Part 2 suggests a probabilistic damage tolerance supplement to the design S–N curves for welded joints. The goal is to provide the practising engineer with simple tools that predict the reliability against fatigue fracture during service life. The impact of the chosen fatigue design factors (FDF) and the uncertainty in the applied stresses is revealed. The effect of an in-service inspection programme is also predicted. The results are presented as dimensionless matrices and suggested for use in support of decision-making at the design stage, without any advanced fracture mechanics modelling and stochastic simulation. One important advantage of this format is that the probability levels are presented regardless of actual weld class and target service life (TSL). This is obtained by introducing the FDF as a key parameter to the results. This parameter is defined as the ratio of predicted fatigue life over TSL. FDF is always calculated in the S–N approach which is mandatory in fatigue life prediction. Various welded details (classes) will have the same reliability level for the same FDF. This is true at the end of TSL and at earlier stages, i.e. fractions of TSL. The absolute value of TSL is immaterial for a given FDF. In the case of in-service inspection, the inspection interval is also given without dimensions as a fraction of TSL.

Only the influence of future scheduled inspections is treated. Updating based on actual inspection results is not included as the scope of work is inspection planning at the design stage. Results for some frequent cases occurring in practice are readily derived and presented.     

A review of the effect of a/W ratio on fracture toughness (I) —experimental investigation in EPFM

1INTRODUCTION Crackopeningdisplacement(COD)andtheJ in tegralastwoimportantfracture characterizingparame tersinelastic plasticfracturemechanics,arealready welldevelopedandusedinindustrialapplications.However,deeplycrackedstandardlaboratory specimenwhichhasahighlevelofconstraintmaynot alwaysberepresentativeofthosefoundinstructural components.Structuralcomponentsoftenexhibitcom parativelyshallowandsurface breaking,andtheplas ticflowassociatedwiththemreachesthesurfaceofthe component.Inthisca…     

多跨长联预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥的次轴力分析

悬臂浇筑施工的多跨长联连续箱梁桥,张拉合龙束,合龙束预加力压缩梁体产生轴向变形,合龙口一侧支座摩阻力会约束梁体轴向变形,故产生预加力次轴力。次轴力和次弯矩一样,是预应力次内力的一项,且次轴力一般体现为拉力。无论从抗裂还是从抗弯的角度看,次轴力是一种不利的内力,在设计时对它的忽略,将会产生工程隐患。以一座14跨悬臂浇筑施工的多跨长联预应力混凝土连续梁桥为背景,计算出各跨合龙束引起的次轴力。然后对次轴力产生的原理和分布特点,以及减小次轴力的措施进行了讨论。最后在规范的基础上,增加预加力次轴力的考虑项,给出多跨连续梁桥正截面抗弯设计、抗裂验算的修正公式。     

箱肋拱桥的加固方法研究及分析

某箱肋拱桥主拱圈出现了大量的裂缝,荷载试验结果表明结构刚度偏低、冲击系数偏大。为了解决以上问题,通过增设拱肋之间的斜撑以增强横向联系,加强结构的整体性,并结合空间梁格有限元模型分析对比了加固前后的拱圈内力变化情况。结果表明,增设斜撑后,活载内力将下降20%左右,效果明显。     

基于模态参数的结构损伤定位研究

基于振动学及有限元理论,推导出结构的频率平方的变化比为结构损伤位置的函数。以一光轴为例,先建立光轴裂纹数据库。然后再把测得的数据与数据库对比,相似性最高的为裂纹的位置所在,从而对损伤的位置进行了识别。最后,提出一些建议和有待解决的问题。     

运用二阶摄动方法预测焊接点疲劳微弯裂纹的路径发展

利用二阶摄动方法分析研究了轻微弯曲疲劳裂纹尖端应力强度因子的变化幅度,进一步得到了在循环载荷下直线裂纹微弯延伸尖端应力强度因子变化幅值的近似表达式.以匹配渐进扩张的形式考虑了远区域边界条件的效果,研究了裂尖附近的渐进应力场.利用Irwin公式计算出了由于裂纹发展而引起的应变能释放率变化幅值.预测了在具有非均匀断裂韧度的物质中裂纹的延伸.考虑了循环载荷、残余应力,以及由于焊接而引起的物质衰变等因素,利用了二阶摄动方法预测了沿着焊接点传播的弹脆性裂纹路径.     

湘江大桥薄壁空心墩墩身裂缝成因与预防控制

该文通过分析桥梁薄壁空心墩墩身产生裂缝的原因,结合工程实例,从施工方面提出了预防产生裂缝的主要措施,指出从施工工艺上预防裂缝的可行性。     

Fatigue design for plug/ring type gas welded joints of sts301l including welding residual stresses

This paper presents a fatigue design method for plug and ring type gas welded joints, which incorporates welding residual stress effects. A non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) was first performed to simulate the gas welding process. The numerically predicted residual stresses of the gas welds were then compared to experimental results measured using a hole drilling method. In order to evaluate the fatigue strength of the plug and ring type gas welded joints, a stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R taling the welding residual stress of the gas weld into account was introduced and is based on a modified Goodman equation incorporating the effect of the residual stress. Using the stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R , the ΔP-N _f relations obtained from fatigue tests for plug and ring type gas welded joints having various dimensions and shapes were systematically rearranged into (σ _a ) _R -N _f relations. It was found that the proposed stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R could provide a systematic and reasonable fatigue design criterion for the plug and ring type gas welded joints.