基于安全和情感化的汽车辅助驾驶系统多模态交互设计研究综述

汽车作为目前人类最常使用的交通工具之一,其智能驾驶技术大部分处在L2～L3“人机共驾”技术的发展阶段,在L5级自动驾驶技术出现之前,“人机共驾”仍然是目前主流的驾驶方式,其各种车载系统和交互方式正在不断完善。多模态交互作为未来设计的发展趋势,必然将与汽车融合产生新的“火花”。对车载系统中多模态交互设计研究包括疲劳状态预警、碰撞预警、车道偏离预警、智能接管提醒、智能泊车等方向进行梳理总结,对车载AI多模态交互设计包括多屏交互、触控交互、手势交互、语音交互、表情交互、眼动交互等自然交互方式进行分析。采用文献研究及案例分析的方式探究如何在基于安全和情感化的背景下使驾驶员的体验更加舒适,展望了汽车多模态交互设计在车载系统中的应用及未来趋势。恰当而良好的交互方式融合将会提高各种车载系统及应用的安全性和驾驶的舒适度。多模态交互的引入必将是汽车发展的趋势。     

金茂大厦空调水系统能量计量管理系统——关于其设计、施工、调试和使用实例

叙述金茂大厦空调水系统能量计量管理系统的计量方法和必须解决的几个问题,详细分析了空调水系统能量计量设计方案并加以确定,提高了测温精确度,同时介绍了有关仪表的造型问题．     

新型智能间歇式采油原理分析及应用

针对抽油机井间抽制度难于确定、不便于执行的缺点,从分析油井问开机理入手,阐述了抽油机间抽控制的工作原理,结合低渗透油藏渗流规律,系统研究了抽油机在间抽过程中泵抽产量、沉没度以及液面恢复时沉没度随时间变化特点,通过数学建模、分析与论证,摸索出油井间开规律,为有效执行抽油机井间抽制度、提高泵效、节约电量、延长机杆使用寿命提供了一条新思路。     

Consumer preferences for battery electric vehicles: A choice experimental survey in China

To accelerate the diffusion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), consumer preferences for different products and policy attributes must be determined. Although previous studies have investigated consumer preferences for some product attributes, including purchase price, operation cost, driving range, and charging time, limited studies have discussed the broader aspects of product attributes, such as battery warranty and depreciation rate. Moreover, market-oriented incentives, including the personal carbon trading (PCT) scheme and the tradable driving credits (TDC) scheme, can theoretically be effective alternatives to expensive purchase subsidies. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence that confirms the influence of these two schemes on BEV adoption. To fill these gaps, we conducted a stated preference choice experimental survey in China and investigated the effect of product attributes, existing policy incentives, and two emerging market-oriented incentives on BEV adoption. Our results reveal that along with the main product attributes, battery warranty has a significant positive effect on inducing mainstream consumers to adopt BEVs while no preference difference occurs among existing policy incentives after purchase subsidies are abolished. For young consumers, almost all incentives that reduce the operation cost (e.g., PCT) or increase convenience (e.g., TDC) can increase their adoption of BEVs. These findings can provide important implications for the government with regard to designing novel incentives and promoting BEV adoption.     

超大型油轮系缆力实测研究

为满足超大型船舶在开敞式码头不利的环境要素下安全系泊作业,该文从影响超大型油轮(VLCC)系缆力因素的实际出发,利用构建的系缆力实测平台对VLCC进行有针对性的现场系缆力实际测量。将得到的系缆力实测数据利用一定的数据处理方法进行处理,得出超大型船舶系缆力在特定现实环境要素下的受力曲线,分析出不同于前人理论研究和操作经验的观点和结论,并针对各条结论提出建议,供船舶和工程人员参考。     

一种新的碰撞耗散能快速估算方法及其在船—平台碰撞事故中的应用研究

海洋平台在作业过程中存在遭受船舶碰撞的潜在危险,一旦事故发生将可能导致结构严重损伤从而影响平台的作业安全,因此在平台结构设计阶段需要考虑其抗撞性能.文章以海洋供应船撞击半潜式钻井平台为研究对象,基于碰撞外部动力学理论和DNV规范计算方法,计及平台艏摇运动响应的影响,提出了一种新的耗散能估算方法-DNV`R解析法.以非线性有限元船-平台碰撞数值仿真结果为参考,将该解析法与规范法、Zhang解析法及Liu解析法计算结果进行对比,研究得出:文中所提出的DNV`R解析法弥补了规范法较为保守且仅适用于对心碰撞场景的不足,计算过程简单、便捷,且计算精度与Zhang解析法和Liu解析法基本接近,能够满足船-平台碰撞耗散能快速估算的精度要求.     

西部原油管道输量与能耗分析

为降低西部原油管道管输能耗,通过计算管道在不同季节、不同流量下的摩阻损耗,结合管道参数和输油泵特性曲线,分析得出影响输油生产单位能耗的因素包括管输流量和输油温度。进一步计算得出了不同流量和不同季节对应的输油生产单耗。结果表明,流量对输油生产单耗影响较大,西部原油管道管输流量在1 000~1 400 m~3/h区间时生产单耗相对较低;流量大于1 600 m3/h时,生产单耗随流量上升接近线性增长。而输油温度对生产单耗的影响较小,同一流量下冬季生产单耗略高于夏季生产单耗。     

应用广义拟余能原理研究流固耦合问题(英文)

水动力学与固体力学交叉的流固耦合理论是船舶与海洋工程结构响应分析与直接设计的重要工具.本文应用卷变积方法,按照广义力和广义位移之间的对应关系,将弹性动力学的基本方程卷乘上相应的虚量,然后积分,代数相加,并考虑到体积力和面积力均为伴生力,建立了非保守系统初值问题的两类变量的广义拟余能原理.应用广义拟余能原理研究流固耦合问题,分析了结构的动力响应,给出同时求解力类量和位移类量两类变量的计算方法.     

基于三元阵的舰船水压场微弱信号检测方法研究

利用三元阵水压场同步测试系统一次海上实船水压场测试试验的三阵元数据开展了低信噪比实船水压场的特征提取和检测方法研究.结合三阵元,分别采用了自适应滤波方法和功率谱估计方法对所获得的试验数据进行分析处理.结果证明,基于自适应滤波和基于功率谱估计的三阵元联合浮动门限能量检测方法能有效抵消噪声干扰,所设计的浮动门限随海浪背景噪声的变化而调整,具有很好的适应性,能在低信噪比下达到较高的信号检测率.     

Numerical simulations of fatigue crack initiation and propagation based on re-tensile plastic zone generating load criterion for in-plane gusset welded joints

Many accidents are caused by fatigue in welded built-up steel structures, and so it is important to estimate the fatigue lives of such structures quantitatively for safety reasons. By assuming that fatigue cracks cannot grow without an accumulation of alternating tensile/compressional plastic strain, one of the authors identified an improved effective stress intensity factor range ΔK _RPG based on the re-tensile plastic zone generating (RPG) load, which represents the driving force for fatigue cracks, and suggested that ΔK _RPG should be used as the parameter to describe fatigue crack growth behavior. The “FLARP” numerical simulation code in which ΔK _RPG is implemented as the fatigue crack growth parameter, was developed in order to predict fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior. In this paper, it is demonstrated that FLARP gives accurate estimates for fatigue life by comparing the estimated fatigue crack growth curves and S–N curves with the experimental results for in-plane gusset welded joints, which are used in many welded steel structures. Moreover, the effect of induced bending moment due to the linear misalignment in the out of plane direction on the fatigue strength of in-plane gusset welded joints is investigated through numerical simulations.