应用线弹性疲劳损伤理论的沥青路面轴载换算

应用疲劳损伤力学基本原理,探讨了适用于沥青路面轴载换算的新方法,并对该方法拟合的公式与规范按弯沉等效推荐的当量轴载换算公式进行了比较。计算结果表明在进行沥青路面轴载换算时,采用不同的等效换算原理,将导致非标准轴载与标准轴载当量换算系数上的不同,前者较后者大。这种差异一方面直接影响沥青路面的结构厚度设计,对设计年限内累计当量标准轴载作用次数的低估,必然导致沥青路面早期破损现象的发生;另一方面揭示弯沉等效表征的是路面结构的瞬间刚度性质,代替不了路面结构的长期疲劳强度特性。     

聚丙烯纤维混凝土直接拉伸性能的试验研究

重点研究聚丙烯纤维增强混凝土在单轴直接拉伸荷载下的力学性能和纤维混凝土的单轴拉伸应力变形全曲线。提出单轴拉伸相对应力裂缝宽度曲线的理论方程式。由单轴拉伸全曲线得到了纤维混凝土的应力裂缝宽度曲线、断裂能及特征长度等。试验发现:当纤维体积掺量为0 14%时,纤维混凝土的轴心抗拉强度比基准混凝土提高20%,极限拉伸应变提高49%,断裂能提高68%,临界断裂时的最大裂缝宽度增加55%。聚丙烯纤维具有良好的阻裂性能,增强了硬化混凝土的能量吸收能力。     

预应力混凝土箱梁桥横向受力分析方法的研究比较

以洋安大桥主桥5跨预应力混凝土变截面连续箱梁桥为背景,对其横向应力分别采用传统的平面框架法和空间有限元法进行分析比较,结果表明大部分关键截面平面框架法得到的横向应力远大于空间有限元法,在实际设计计算中须谨慎使用平面框架法。     

磁导航车体运动数字控制系统数学模型研究

探讨磁导航车体运动数字控制系统的数学模型。用实验方法建立磁导航车体运动数字控制系统典型环节的时间连续数学模型,结合车体运动机械操纵环节的传统数学模型建立整个控制系统的时间连续数学模型。利用Z变换方法把控制系统时间连续数学模型转换成离散数学模型,引入数字控制系统典型环节的数学模型,建立磁导航车体运动数字控制系统的离散数学模型。设计数字控制系统的二次型最优控制器并进行计算机仿真。仿真分析结果验证了数学模型的有效性。     

岩土锚固力的确定及应用

选定粤赣高速公路有代表性的6种岩层,对其全、强、弱风化层组成的路堑高边坡锚索加固工程进行了69次破坏性拉拔试验。试验中对每种不同风化程度的岩(土)层采用锚固长度为1m、2m、3m的现场拉拔试验,计算出锚索加固边坡的锚固力值,为验证高边坡工程设计提供了准确的力学参数,也为全线高边坡工程的施工工艺提供指导性意见。同时,节省了大量的试验费用和时间,获得了显著的经济效益。     

半刚性基层材料路用性能的试验研究

通过室内试验,研究了3种半刚性基层材料(水泥碎石、水泥粉煤灰稳定碎石、二灰碎石)的强度特性、断裂韧度、干缩特性及疲劳性能,比较了它们的路用性能。试验结果表明:半刚性基层材料的断裂韧度与弯拉强度具有一定的相关性;二灰碎石与水泥类稳定碎石相比,强度和断裂韧度较低,干缩性能和疲劳性能较好;水泥类稳定碎石抗弯拉强度比二灰碎石高,可弥补其疲劳寿命衰减过快的不足;用粉煤灰代替部分水泥,有广泛的工程应用前景。     

Experimental evaluation of Heavy Duty Vehicle speed patterns in urban and port areas and estimation of their fuel consumption and exhaust emissions

Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDVs) in urban and port areas were evaluated through a dedicated investigation. The HDV fleet composition and traffic driving from highways to the maritime port of Genoa and crossing the city were analysed. Typical urban trips linking highway exits to port gates and HDV mission profiles within the port area were defined. A validation was performed through on-board instrumentation to record HDV instantaneous speeds in urban and port zones. A statistical procedure enabled the building-up of representative speed patterns. High contrasts and specific driving conditions were observed in the port area. Representative speed profiles were then used to simulate fuel consumption and emissions for HDVs, using the Passenger car and Heavy duty Emission Model (PHEM). Complementary estimations were derived from Copert and HBEFA methodologies, allowing the comparison of different calculation approaches and scales. Finally, PHEM was implemented to assess the performances of EGR or SCR systems for NO_X reduction in urban driving and at very low speeds.The method and results of the investigation are presented. Fuel consumption and pollutant emission estimation through different methodologies are discussed, as well as the necessity of characterizing very local driving conditions for appropriate assessment.     

电动汽车充电桩安全管理研究

随着国家对环境保护和能源节约的重视以及新能源政策的实施,电动汽车行业迎来了快速发展。充电基础设施的建设,是加快电动汽车推广的重要需要。电动汽车充电基础设施建设和运营业务发展的机会也极大,随之而来的安全管理工作要求也越来越高。本文依据充电桩建设和运营的特点,剖析其中面临的安全风险,并提出加强安全管理工作的措施,为充电桩企业安全管理运营提供参考和借鉴。     

A regression and beam theory based approach for fatigue assessment of containership structures including bending and torsion contributions

Container shipping has been expanding dramatically during the last decade. Due to their special structural characteristics, such as the wide breadth and large hatch openings, horizontal bending and torsion play an important role to the fatigue safety of containerships. In this study the fatigue contributions from vertical bending, horizontal bending and torsion are investigated using full-scale measurements of strain records on two containerships. Further, these contributions are compared to results from direct calculations where a nonlinear 3D panel method is used to compute wave loads in time domain. It is concluded that both bending and torsion have significant impacts on the fatigue assessment of containerships. The stresses caused by these loads could be correctly computed by full-ship finite element analysis. However, this requires large computational effort, since for fatigue assessment purposes the FE analysis needs to be carried out for all encountered sea states and operational conditions with sufficient time steps for each condition. In this paper, a new procedure is proposed to run the structure finite element analysis under only one sea condition for only a few time steps. Then, these results are used to obtain a relationship between wave loads and structural stresses through a linear regression analysis. This relation can be further used to compute stresses for arbitrary sea states and operational conditions using the computed wave loads (bending and torsion moments) as input. Based on this proposed method for structure stress analysis, an efficient procedure is formulated and found to be in very good agreement with the full-ship finite element analysis. In addition it is several orders of magnitude more time efficient for fatigue assessment of containership structures.     

Towards a model of hydrodynamic damping for a circular cylinder with helical strakes at low KC

This paper investigates the hydrodynamic damping of a circular cylinder with helical strakes at Keulegan-Carpenter (KC) number from 0.07 to 3 in the presence of steady currents. Experiments were performed with a straked cylinder oscillating in either in-line or cross currents over Reynolds number (based on the oscillating velocity amplitude) varying from 1260 to 54,000. With in-line current being present, the measured drag coefficients of the straked cylinder are found to depend on the ratio between the oscillating velocity amplitude and the steady current velocity. This phenomenon is further confirmed by computational fluid dynamics using large-eddy simulations. The drag coefficients obtained from the numerical simulations agree well with the experimentally determined values. Similar phenomenon is observed for the cases with cross background current. Based on the experimental data, empirical formulae are proposed to evaluate drag coefficients. These results are of importance in estimating the resonant motion and the fatigue life of risers, e.g. water intake risers, in the flow regime of low KC. Finally, recommendations are provided for fatigue analysis of risers with helical strakes from the perspective of engineering practice.