深海超高压环境模拟容器裂纹评定

深海超高压环境模拟容器用于模拟水下压力环境,其容器壁上承受反复载荷,容易产生疲劳裂纹.疲劳裂纹扩展是影响其断裂的主要因素.本文旨在分析半椭圆裂纹在老化的深海超高压环境模拟容器中的扩展行为,评估容器的安全性,因此对材料20MnMoNb钢的裂纹扩展特性进行了试验研究,首先考虑三角形和梯形加载情况,通过比较两组实验结果,考察了其材料对保载时间的敏感性.采用基于统一的裂纹扩展率模型的三维有限元方法进行了疲劳裂纹扩展计算,并通过CT试样的一组数值和实验结果进行了验证,最后建立了不同初始尺寸、展弦比和倾角的裂纹有限元模型,并根据裂纹在容器内壁的容许深度准则,计算了容器的剩余寿命.其分析结果可为深海超高压环境模拟容器可靠性评估提供参考.     

Time domain analysis procedures for fatigue assessment of a semi-submersible wind turbine

Long term time domain analysis of the nominal stress for fatigue assessment of the tower and platform members of a three-column semi-submersible was performed by fully coupled time domain analyses in Simo-Riflex-AeroDyn. By combining the nominal stress ranges with stress concentration factors, hot spot stresses for fatigue damage calculation can be obtained. The aim of the study was to investigate the necessary simulation duration, number of random realisations and bin sizes for the discretisation of the joint wind and wave distribution. A total of 2316 3-h time domain simulations, were performed.In mild sea states with wind speeds between 7 and 9 m/s, the tower and pontoon experienced high fatigue damage due to resonance in the first bending frequency of the tower from the tower wake blade passing frequency (3P).Important fatigue effects seemed to be captured by 1 h simulations, and the sensitivity to number of random realisations was low when running simulations of more than 1 h. Fatigue damage for the tower base converged faster with simulation duration and number of random realisations than it did for the platform members.Bin sizes of 2 m/s for wind, 1 s for wave periods and 1 m for wave heights seemed to give acceptable estimates of total fatigue damage. It is, however, important that wind speeds that give coinciding 3P and tower resonance are included and that wave periods that give the largest pitch motion are included in the analysis.     

基于价值工程的全生命周期趸船材质方案比选研究

将趸船整个生命周期过程中的技术先进性、经济合理性和环境协调性有机地融合为一体,基于价值工程理论提出趸船材质方法比选。实例表明在千岛湖这样的大吨位船舶碰撞概率很小的水域,采用混凝土趸船明显优于钢质趸船。     

Commuting and wellbeing: a critical overview of the literature with implications for policy and future research

ABSTRACT

This review provides a critical overview of what has been learnt about commuting’s impact on subjective wellbeing (SWB). It is structured around a conceptual model which assumes commuting can affect SWB over three time horizons: (i) during the journey; (ii) immediately after the journey; and (iii) over the longer term. Our assessment of the evidence shows that mood is lower during the commute than other daily activities and stress can be induced by congestion, crowding and unpredictability. People who walk or cycle to work are generally more satisfied with their commute than those who travel by car and especially those who use public transport. Satisfaction decreases with duration of commute, regardless of mode used, and increases when travelling with company. After the journey, evidence shows that the commute experience “spills over” into how people feel and perform at work and home. However, a consistent link between commuting and life satisfaction overall has not been established. The evidence suggests that commuters are generally successful in trading off the drawbacks of longer and more arduous commute journeys against the benefits they bring in relation to overall life satisfaction, but further research is required to understand the decision making involved. The evidence review points to six areas that warrant policy action and research: (i) enhancing the commute experience; (ii) increasing commute satisfaction; (iii) reducing the impacts of long duration commutes; (iv) meeting commuter preferences; (v) recognising flexibility and constraints in commuting routines and (vi) accounting for SWB impacts of commuting in policy making and appraisal.     

Assessment of fatigue strength of steel butt-welded joints in as-welded condition – Alternative approaches for curve fitting and mean stress effect analysis

Experimental fatigue data for butt-welded joints in as-welded condition and under constant amplitude tensile loading (secondary bending included) were analyzed using the nominal stress system and the notch stress system. Two approaches were used; a standard fitting procedure and minimization of the sum of squared perpendicular distances from a line with a fixed and free slope. In all cases, the latter method gave better agreement between the experimental and predicted fatigue life and fatigue strength. The analyses showed both with all broken specimen data included and with reduced data that the FAT225 curve, as recommended by IIW, might be too optimistic for the notch stress approach in the case of butt-welded joints in as-welded condition. It was also found that use of the local stress ratio instead of the applied stress ratio might explain many issues concerning current observations and apparent inconsistencies in reported literature.     

关于构建海上医疗救助制度的探讨

文中通过分析海上医疗救助与海上人命救助的区别,指出建立海上医疗救助制度的意义,并对建立此制度的途径进行了有益的探讨。     

笑在唇边苦涩生——王蒙小说的幽默文体特色浅析

幽默作为文体形式是王蒙的创造,他灵活地运用这一具体而独特的形式表现灵魂生活,解释和反映现实世界。把众多我们习以为常的不合理的现象重新审视,以幽默的文体形式进行批驳揭露。王蒙的幽默文体给人的不是开怀大笑,而是会心的笑,苦涩的笑,由此引发读者的共鸣。作者强烈的爱国心、使命感使他的感情十分投入,叙述无遮拦、不隐蔽的表达,无限缩小了他与作者和读者之间的距离,实现了作家与读者之间穿越时空的心灵交流。     

西非海域FPSO多点系泊系统的疲劳寿命分析

文章首先采用三维频域理论分析西非海域FPSO的水动力性能,得到船体各自由度的运动响应,慢漂载荷,附加质量和势流阻尼等;随后,利用分块法将波浪散点图离散为若干个海况,基于准动态方法对多点系泊系统进行分析,得到各海况下船体的漂移和各系泊缆的张力;最后,结合前两步的计算结果,采用T-N曲线,雨流计数和Miner线性累计损伤理论对系泊缆的疲劳寿命进行预报。研究结果表明,各系泊缆的疲劳寿命沿长度方向的分布趋势基本一致,锚链顶端和触底部分的疲劳寿命较短。此外,西非海域的涌浪对系泊缆的疲劳损伤较大,系泊设计时应予以重点关注。     

港珠澳大桥长寿命海工高性能混凝土配制

针对120 a设计使用年限要求,阐述港珠澳大桥不同主体结构海工高性能混凝土基本性能设计的原则。在暴露试验得出的混凝土长期耐久性影响因素的基础上,系统研究配合比参数对混凝土性能的影响,介绍满足桥梁、隧道等不同结构工作性、强度、耐久性及体积稳定性要求的长寿命海工高性能混凝土的配制基本思路与方法。     

基于维修的舰船装备自然寿命评估

维修影响舰船装备的可靠性,最终影响装备的寿命。本文从维修的角度对舰船装备进行寿命分析,讨论维修后装备故障率的变化规律,引入Nakagawa的故障率递增因子,分析多部件舰船装备维修后的故障率变化情况;根据装备规定的使用可靠性要求,确定基于维修情况下装备的自然寿命。