Experimental and finite element analysis of fatigue strength for 300 mm2 copper power conductor

The fatigue strength of a 300 mm² stranded copper conductor was investigated experimentally and by finite element (FE) analysis. An analytical model was also developed and validated. Wires taken from the outer layer of the conductor were fatigue tested in tension–tension loading and compared with similar data for wires taken from a 95 mm² conductor. The wire cross section was deformed due to the compacting process that was applied during fabrication. When corrected for stress concentrations due to the deformation the data for the two sets of wire fell within the same scatter-band. Full scale testing was carried out in a specially designed rig with constant tensile load and reversed displacement controlled bending with a fixed curvature variation. The loading is a simulation of the loading of a power cable hanging from a floating vessel through a bellmouth. Conductors were tested in two states; dry and lubricated. A finite element model was established for the copper conductor. The model was formulated by a combination of elastic beam and beam-contact elements that included the effects of friction. The effect of local bending due to contact forces was included in the model. Two contact conditions were investigated; the point (trellis) contact between adjacent layers of wire and the inline contact within each layer and between the first layer (centre wire) and the second layer. The FE model was validated by a calibration test of a full scale conductor, and by sensitivity studies varying the size and the number of elements of the model. Fatigue analysis of the conductor was carried out, based on the S–N curve for individual wires. Taking into account the effects of friction and local bending, agreement was obtained between predicted and experimental fatigue strength of the conductor, for the FE model as well as the analytical model.     

基于生命周期理论的我国收费公路发展分析

收费公路类似自然生命,其成长和发展必然为一个具有若干阶段的连续过程。基于生命周期理论,对我国收费公路体系生命周期进行了探讨和分析。结果表明,2000年以后,我国收费公路进入成熟期;在2030年达到峰值后,收费公路在总量上开始缩减,进入衰退期,新的发展趋势也将逐渐体现。     

平原水网区公路的病害分析

计算分析了平原水网区1级以下公路的病害问题。研究认为,重载交通、不合理的路面结构、较低的路基高度、较高的地下水位,是平原水网区1级以下公路早期病害的关键原因。采用多孔隙骨架密实型水稳碎石基层,或水泥石灰土碎石基层,可有效延长路面结构疲劳寿命。沥青碎石基层并不是最理想的基层结构。考虑重载交通的影响,粉性土路基的最小填土高度应在2 m以上。当路基高度难以满足要求时,应加大地基的处理深度。高地下水位对基层和底基层,尤其是对底基层的疲劳寿命具有很大的影响。     

试论全寿命分析法在路面设计中的应用

全寿命设计方法是一项较新的设计理念,将其用于路面设计目前为止还不多。讨论了美国相关法案(Pave- ment Division Interim Technical Bulletin)中的路面全寿命分析(LCCA)方法,并基于该思路提出了路面全寿命设计方法,试图建立全寿命路面设计的初步体系。     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土结构可靠性与寿命预测

目前钢筋混凝土结构可靠度研究大多数没有考虑钢筋锈蚀的影响。从考虑钢筋面积的降低,建立锈蚀钢筋混凝土结构抗力的模型,应用结构可靠性分析的简化方法计算结构的可靠度来评估混凝土结构可靠度。通过分析,还可以进行目标可靠度下的寿命预测。     

延长导热油使用寿命的方法分析

通过了解导热油的特性,分析导热油结焦的过程和老化原因,提出防止或减少导热油结焦是提高运行效率、运行安全和延长导热油使用寿命的关键。结合理论和实践经验,介绍了导热油在使用过程中应注意的问题及解决方法,从而达到延长导热油使用寿命、降低生产成本和安全运行的目的。     

轿车后桥疲劳寿命的数字化预测研究

以某轿车后桥为例,介绍了疲劳寿命计算的理论基础和建立后桥精确有限元模型的方法。分别应用准静态法和随机振动法计算了后桥的疲劳寿命,讨论了频响分析带宽对振动疲劳分析方法的影响以及两种不同疲劳计算方法的区别和应用范围。结果表明,应用有限元仿真和试验相结合的方法可以有效地预测轿车关键零部件的疲劳寿命。     

时域波形再现技术在汽车零部件疲劳寿命预测中的应用

时域波形再现技术可以把在原有模型车上测量到的轮轴载荷（力和力矩）转换为轮轴位移。把轮轴位移信号作用于新车型的多体模型，可以毫无障碍地进行整车模拟，预测出部件的疲劳寿命。介绍了时域波形再现技术在汽车零部件疲劳寿命预测的应用，并对其原理和工作流程中的关键技术——系统识别和目标模拟进行了简要介绍。     

基于模态应力恢复的汽车零部件虚拟疲劳试验方法

基于有限元模态分析、柔性多体动力学求解和疲劳寿命预测的相关理论,通过模态应力恢复得到了汽车零部件疲劳载荷历程,并将其应用于虚拟疲劳试验,解决了汽车设计过程中无法快速、准确预知零部件疲劳寿命的难题。该试验方法应用于某车双横臂独立前悬中的下横臂,在较短的时间内获得了该零件的预测疲劳寿命、寿命安全系数及危险部位等信息。结果表明该虚拟疲劳试验方法可作为汽车设计过程中的有效试验手段。     

复杂载荷下曲轴疲劳强度的可靠性

针对目前发动机曲轴疲劳可靠性设计方法法中存在的不足，通过对曲轴疲劳试验程序载荷谱及Ｐ－σ－Ｎ曲线的研究，提出出用程序载荷谱测定了Ｐ－σ－Ｎ曲线，并应用疲劳损伤等交理论对承受复杂载荷的贡轴进行可靠性设计的新方法。