多孔介质方法对铁路沿线沙障模拟的适用性分析

为模拟细孔透隙式铁路沙障的流场特征,鉴于此类模拟建模的困难性,采用CFD数值模拟程序,基于三维模拟的多孔介质条件对阻沙固沙网和防风沙直立栅栏的流场特征及压力变化进行模拟分析。通过边界条件和参数的合理控制得到:直立栅栏流场的数值模拟结果与风洞实验下的流场速度变化相似;由于栅栏的整流作用,在多孔介质模拟方法下沙障后出现明显的减速恢复区,并在其后逐渐恢复为与入口相同的风速廓线流;结合全断面PE网风洞试验,采用多孔介质模型可以得到与试验数据相吻合的模拟结果,且压降随入口速度的增加明显增大;由模拟结果可知,通过参数的合理控制,多孔介质方法可较好地反映此类沙障的流场变化。     

西安动车检修段检修厂房组合工艺方案设计研究

西安动车检修段主要承担西北地区配属动车组的三、四、五级检修任务。动车段设计中检修厂房组合工艺设计是检修段的核心技术组成部分。为满足西安动车检修段所需检修规模和最佳工艺布局,通过多角度地对比和分析,分别讨论车体定位修和流水修两种工艺方案,对检修厂房组合布置进行详细研究,最终得出车体定位修方案是适应西安动车检修段特点的最佳工艺设计方案,实现对动车段用地的高效利用,提高动车检修能力,且预留了动车段远期发展条件。     

铁路直通货物列车技术站接续方案优化研究

在研究铁路货物列车技术站接续特点的基础上,对直通货物列车接续方案选择方法进行了相关扩展并建立了相应的优化模型,通过分析得出各模型均可以采用最小费用流算法进行求解。设计算例的结果表明,各种扩展方法对于优化技术站直通货物列车的接续是有效的。     

基于小波变换的交通流数据集成灵敏度分析

道路上的交通流数据通常是以20-30秒间隔采集并传递到交通管理中心的，为了使这些数据能够广泛地运用于各种交通用途，必须采用合理高效的集成方法对其进行处理。传统的数据集成方法基于数理统计的理论，该方法不能有效地去除数据中的噪音。近年来迅速发展的基于小波变换的交通流数据集成方法克服了这一缺点，通过对交通流数据的频率特性进行详细分析能够使集成更加高效，准确满足不同的交通用途对集成的需求。但该方法尚未作进一步的灵敏度分析，本文通过对数据集成中小波函数和数据样本量这两个重要参数的分析，从理论的角度探讨了这两个参数变化对数据集成的影响。然后以北京市三环上的交通流数据为例，计算得到了数据集成建议采用的小波族和小波阶数，以及合理的最小样本量。该结论对数据集成在将来的实际应用具有指导意义。     

钢管混凝土轴心受压短柱的徐变分析

在继效流动理论的基础上，对长期荷载作用下钢管混凝土的轴心受压徐变进行了分析。针对钢管混凝土受力的特点，对计算模型进行简化，提出了一维的钢管混凝土徐变计算公式，与文献［５］中基于试验回归得到的徐变计算公式进行比较，结果符合较好。     

智能交通系统车载体系框架的研究

为了完成智能交通车载体系框体系统的研究，采用了从需求入手，定义智能交通服务，建立逻辑框架和物理框架，并从包括标准化范围检查在内的广泛的多种着眼点进行评从的工作流程。在逻辑框架和物理框架的建立过程中应用了统一建模语言进行体系框架的开发。并提出了系统评价表单评价项目，建立了关于路线引导功能的控制模型和个体模型，通过具体的实例对智能交通车载体系框架的建立方法进行了阐述。     

Determination of the transportable moisture limit of iron ore fines for the prevention of liquefaction in bulk carriers

In 2013, over 500 million metric tons of Iron Ore Fines (IOF) were transported around the world using bulk carriers. Under certain conditions IOF, while being transported, can possibly undergo liquefaction. Since 2006, there has been eight reported bulk carrier casualties possibly caused by the liquefaction of IOF. The objective of this study is to evaluate, compare and verify the limitations and relevance of the Proctor/Fagerberg, Flow Table and Penetration test methods that are used to determine the Transportable Moisture Limit (TML) of IOF. The TML is the maximum gross water content that bulk cargoes, including IOF, may contain while being transported at sea without being at risk of liquefying. A thorough literature review, along with laboratory research, was carried out to compare the TML results from the three leading test methods to determine whether they produce reliable results when testing IOF. The study concludes that the three test methods, as stated in the 2012 International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code, are unverified and therefore not appropriate for testing IOF. This is due to the variation in the results produced by the three test methods and also due to the difference in the physical properties of IOF when compared with the materials that were originally intended for testing. It is noted that the TML alone may not control the potential liquefaction of IOF and further studies, regarding the physical properties and system variables, which cause the material to liquefy, are required to determine the liquefaction potential of IOF.     

Short-Term Traffic Flow Forecasting for Freeway Incident-Induced Delay Estimation

Freeway incidents not only threaten travelers’ safety but also cause severe congestion. Incident-induced delay (IID) refers to the extra travel delay resulting from incidents on top of the recurrent congestion. Quantifying IID would help people better understand the real cost of incidents, maximize the benefit-cost ratio of investment on incident remedy actions, and develop active traffic management and integrated corridor management strategies. By combining a modified queuing diagram and short-term traffic flow forecasting techniques, this study proposes an approach to estimate the temporal IID for a roadway section, given that the incidents occurs between two traffic flow detectors. The approach separates IID from the total travel delay, estimates IID for each individual incident, and only takes volume as input for IID quantification, avoiding using speed data that are widely involved in previous algorithms yet are less available or prone to poor data quality. Therefore, this approach can be easily deployed to broader ranges where only volume data are available. To verify its estimation accuracy, this study captures two incident videos and extracts ground-truth IID data, which is rarely done by previous studies. The verification shows that the IID estimation errors of the proposed approach are within 6% for both cases. The approach has been implemented in a Web-based system, which enables quick, convenient, and reliable freeway IID estimation in the Puget Sound region in the state of Washington.     

Vehicle identification sensors location problem for large networks

Finding the optimal location for sensors is a key problem in flow estimation. There are several location models that have been developed recently for vehicle identification (ID) sensors. However, these location models cannot be applied to large networks because there are many constraints and integer variables. Based on a property of the location problem for vehicle ID sensors, given the initial vehicle ID sensors that are pre-installed and fixed on the network, this article presents a solution that greatly reduces the size of this location problem. An applied example demonstrates that when 8% of the arcs from a real network that are randomly selected have a vehicle ID sensor, the reductions are as large as 97% for the number of remaining constraints in the location model and 84% for the adjusted diameter of the feasible region of target flow. Using these two indices as target functions, two greedy algorithms are presented for solving the vehicle ID sensor location problem. These two algorithms were applied to an example in Mashhad city with 2,526 arcs, 7,157 origin-destination pairs and 121,627 paths. Using these algorithms, installing vehicle ID sensors on 8% of the network arcs results in satisfaction of 99.82% of the constraints in the location model and 97.6% reduction in the adjusted maximum possible error index. This means that deploying a low number of vehicle ID sensors on a real large network, with these greedy algorithms, yields a high level of observability.     

瓮马铁路南北延伸线引入都匀地区方案研究

通过分析都匀地区既有铁路现状及规划铁路,结合瓮马铁路货物流向,提出了瓮马铁路南延线引入黔桂线的必要性。结合都匀地区地形、城市规划和自然保护区范围,研究了瓮马铁路在黔桂线的前方站(都匀北站)或黔桂线绿荫湖站设置交接场引入都匀地区的方案,考虑到运营管理分解划分明确,减少折角运输,一次性建成南北直通通道,吸引国铁直通车流等因素,宜采用设置都匀北站交接场的方案。根据线路引入既有黔桂线接轨点的不同,对双线区间接轨方案、新都匀站站房同侧引入方案和新都匀站站房对侧引入方案进行分析,从工程量、工程投资、运输组织、施工难度及风险、投资建设模式等方面比较,得出双线区间接轨引入都匀地区方案最优。