中韩贸易的中方逆差辨析

中韩贸易的基本状况是：中方逆差总额巨大,在有些年份中超过对韩出口额．产生中方逆差的原因有：韩国贸易政策和出口战略的调整（包括韩国进口的来源国和地区范围扩大、韩国主要出口市场的国家构成改变、韩国进出口商品结构变化）;韩国政府在发展中韩经贸中的两种不同作用;中韩经济发展水平的差异;韩国文化在中国的日益被认可;我国对开发韩国市场缺乏足够重视等．消除或减少中方贸易逆差的对策主要有：加强双边磋商;优化相互直接投资结构;加快出口商品结构调整;扩大对韩文化产品出口并带动相关出口产业发展．     

策克铁路口岸信息平台建设

策克铁路口岸建成之后,进出口作业量大幅提高。信息平台的建设有利于提高通关速度,保证进出口贸易的顺畅。从建设策克铁路口岸信息平台的需求、功能、结构等方面进行分析,确定信息平台的总体规划布局,并指明其对策克铁路口岸进出口作业的意义。     

论国际贸易与环境规则——兼评区域性国际组织对WTO的影响

国际贸易与环境保护是当今世界关注的焦点,在可持续发展原则得到国际社会普遍认同的情况下,诸多区域性国际组织都在不同程度上采取行动来动调二关系。本对欧盟、北美自由贸易区,以及亚太地区的代表性国际组织在这方面的实践进行探讨,并分析了它们的实践对WTO的影响,最后指出,作为世界性多边贸易体系的基础,WTO只能限于协调对成员国产生重大影响的环境政策,发展中国家应用积极的应对策略。     

国外铁路运营安全效益评价现状及启示

铁路运输在国民经济运行中发挥着重要作用,各国铁路公司都非常重视对铁路运营、安全、效益的管理及评价。国外铁路经过两个世纪的发展,积累了丰富经验,通过分析美国、日本、欧洲等国家和地区的普速、高速铁路,在运营效率评价、运营安全评价、服务质量评价、经营效益评价、安全保障法律法规建设和第三方评价机构发展等方面的现状,从客户服务质量评价、安全评价标准体系建立、效率效益导向的经营效益评价机制建设、第三方专业评价机构发展等维度,总结对我国高速铁路运营安全效益评价的经验借鉴及启示。     

海南自由贸易港背景下航运新特征对海事管理的要求及对策研究

随着海南自由贸易港建设的深入推进,我国将在海南实施更加开放的航运政策,建立与国际接轨的国际船舶登记制度,海南航运业将呈现新的特征.作者对海南自由贸易港建设背景下海南航运进行了展望,分析了未来海事管理工作面临的新考验,并提出海事部门要强化自身建设,不断推进海事治理能力和治理体系现代化,以适应高速发展的航运经济.     

Impacts of trade liberalization on Chinese economy with Belt and Road initiative

China has been continuously implementing the open-door policy for past 15 years ever since it joined the World Trade Organization, which escalated international trade and demand for shipping. Compared with the other major importing countries in the world, China’s importing tariff is relatively low. Under the Belt and Road initiatives, more Free Trade Agreements to be concluded and more Free Trade Zones to be established, it is expected that the effective import tariff rate may continue to decrease in the future. This study analyses the impact of further reduction in Chinese import tariff rate on major economic indicators using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model and based on the Chinese macro-economic data of 2012. The model results show that, with a balanced international payment, such a reduction can increase GDP, resident consumption, both imports and exports, and reduce GDP price, trade surplus, and government revenue. The results ease the concern that further import tariff reduction may harm the domestic production. Rather, it points out that there are still rooms to improve national economy and increase the consumer utility by trade liberation.     

Are AIS-based trade volume estimates reliable? The case of crude oil exports

Most global trade statistics in the public domain refer to official customs data, which are not generally available on a micro (individual cargo) level. With the increasing availability and completeness of ship positioning data from the global Automated Identification System (AIS), it is possible to derive more timely and detailed trade statistics for homogeneous commodity groups. The objective of this article is twofold: (1) to compare the accuracy of AIS-derived trade statistics to official customs data in the crude oil market and (2) to add a breakdown of trade by vessel size over time. We find that while AIS-derived data for seaborne crude exports show good alignment with official export numbers in aggregate, there are substantial temporal and geographical differences across countries and time due to the use of pipelines and transshipment in parts of the supply chain. We highlight the challenges in properly structuring and aggregating micro-level cargo data. Our findings are important for the proper derivation of shipping demand from trade data.     

中美贸易逆差、相关利益集团与美国对华反倾销

本文以中美贸易逆差和美国国内相关利益集团为切入点分析了美国对华反倾销问题,指出美国日益增长的贸易赤字加强了美国贸易当局在执行反倾销法律的过程中的贸易保护主义倾向,认为维护保护主义集团的利益在美国在对华反倾销的执行过程中的所起的作用巨大,并建立了一个以中美贸易逆差和美国失业率为解释变量的计量模型,具体量化了中美贸易逆差和相关利益集团在美国对华反倾销中的影响程度.     

物流企业在中国-东盟自由贸易区内运营财务核算问题研究

文章通过对当前物流企业财务核算体系存在的问题进行分析,探讨了加强物流企业在东盟自由贸易区内运营财务核算的必要性,提出了建立物流企业在东盟自由贸易区内运营财务核算的对策。     

Competitive strategies for original equipment manufacturers considering carbon cap and trade

This paper considers an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) faces competition from an independent remanufacturer (IR) and they both are regulated by carbon cap and trade policy (CTP). We develop models to explore the OEM’s optimal competitive strategy in the face of IR’s competition and environmental regulation. We first investigate the impact of CTP on the OEM and IR. Then, we analyze three competitive strategies that the OEM may choose: remanufacturing, fixed-fee licensing, and royalty licensing. We investigate their optimal decisions under each strategy and identify the conditions under which these strategies can coordinate the OEM and IR. Finally, we explore conditions under which one strategy is superior to another. The results show that the OEM is worse off when competing with the IR under CTP if the carbon cap allocated to the OEM is small. Fixed-fee licensing and royalty licensing can coordinate the OEM and IR not only from an economic perspective but also from an environmental perspective. The OEM’s optimal competitive strategy is determined by thresholds of three critical parameters: the fixed cost of setting up a remanufacturing system, the fixed-fee, and the per-unit royalty. We provide specific guidance on strategy selection for the OEM.