The dynamic response of rail support

This research reviews principles behind the dynamic response of rail supports, and introduces a method of analysis to find the maximum response in a realistic setting. Assuming a time-dependent, moving mass with massive wheels is essential, because the ratio of the moving mass to the rail mass is significant. However, the dynamic response of the track is not affected by dynamic properties of the train other than its unsprung mass, because the natural frequencies of the train suspension and track are significantly different. A numerical method is developed to model the dynamic response based on these principles, and applied to the Korean urban transit. The dynamic response includes multiple peaks with a large amplitude range, creating noise while the wheel passes the support. The dynamic impact factor (DIF) for the rail support depends mainly on the stiffness and damping of the rail support. The DIF for the rail moment is below the code value, whether this value is based on numerical analysis or on-site measurements. However, our numerical analysis results in a DIF for support settlement that is greater than the code value, if the damping is less than 3%.     

Transportation agencies experiences with decision support systems for airport ground access planning

This article reports on a field investigation into the ways that transportation agencies use quantitative and qualitative information for making strategic decisions regarding airport ground access. The study analyzes the value of this information for planning airport ground access improvements at seven major international airport sites.The major finding of the research is that quantitative modeling for strategic decision support is very difficult, costly and time consuming. Modelers are confident that the models are accurate and reliable but executives generally lack confidence in the results. Transportation officials believe that the information supplied is flawed by a number of defects that minimize its value for strategic decision makers. The information defects described in this article provide an analysis of the structural difficulty of using quantitative modeling for transportation problems of strategic importance. To date, qualitative information is not frequently used, but some transportation agencies are considering its application to designing transportation services. Although this study is limited to airport ground access, the authors feel that this evidence, in conjunction with the evidence from other studies in the transportation area, dictates a need for wariness in the development of decision support systems for transportation planners. Developers of decision support systems for transportation planners must be aware of modeling costs and defects and consider how to improve the timeliness, relevance and credibility of information quantitative models provide transportation executives. Fundamentally it is important to recognize that decision makers tend, either singularly or in concert with other individuals or groups, to be the champions of a long-term vision for the community. When modeling produces inconsistent or wide ranging results that contradict their position, decision makers may not only discard modeling activities, but lose confidence in the models altogether. As a consequence, transportation planners are faced with the challenge of how to improve quantitative modeling. The most reliable and effective means for improvement is incorporation of qualitative techniques which provide greater understanding of customer perceptions and human behavior.     

Trip Chain's Activity Type Recognition Based on Support Vector Machine

This paper focuses on support vector machine (SVM) based trip chain's activity type recognition. First, the time-series location information of person trip is processed to obtain the trip chain elements including moving processes and activities, and the activity options are extracted from the geographic information system (GIS) around the activity sites. Second, the activity features are drawn from spatio-temporal factors of trip chain to serve as the input feature vector of classifier. A SVM based one-to-one classifier is established and the method of one-to-one classifier voting is adopted to decide the most likely activity type from the activity options. Finally, the classifiers are trained with simulation data based on the Gaussian radial basis (RBF) kernel function and the multilayer perception (MLP) kernel function respectively, and then examined by cross validation. The result shows that in the one-to-one classifying scheme, the highest and lowest right recognition rate with RBF are 99% and 62%, and the corresponding results with MLP are 97% and 54%, respectively.     

转K1型转向架组装工艺

介绍了转K1型转向架的结构特点和关键技术参数,着重分析了侧架导框的加工、侧架与支撑座板的组焊和转向架的组装工艺等。     

列控系统动态检测计划管理辅助工具的研究与实践

列控系统动态检测计划的编制与管理,贯穿了整个高速铁路列控系统动态检测的全过程,从测试前期的计划编制,到测试过程中计划的改动,再到测试结束后计划的统计、查询。传统的计划管理方法对动态检测序列的管理通常比较分散,不容易查询,提出一种基于Excel VBA实现的高速铁路列控系统动态检测计划管理辅助工具,利用Excel非常强大的数据统计与数据处理能力,实现对动态检测计划的增、删、改、查、核对与输出功能,并通过实践,验证计划管理辅助工具的有效性与可靠性。     

坚持科技创新 为铁路建设又好又快发展提供技术支撑

本文对党的十六大以来铁路建设科技创新的主要成果进行了全面的总结,对其基本经验进行了系统的分析,指出:党的十六大以来,铁道部坚持瞄准世界一流水平,充分发挥铁路后发优势;坚持原始创新、集成创新和引进吸收再创新,走中国铁路自主创新之路;坚持铁道部统一组织,形成联合攻克关键技术的科技创新模式;坚持人才强路战略,造就高素质的铁路科技创新队伍,取得了前所未有的显著成就.高原铁路建设技术达到世界一流先进水平,铁路既有线提速技术跻身世界先进行列,铁路重载运输技术达到世界先进水平,铁路客运专线建设技术取得重大突破,主要客站、大型桥梁、特长隧道、特殊路基等工程设计和建造技术实现重大创新,机车车辆装备现代化取得重大进展,通信信号和信息化技术迈上新台阶,安全技术装备水平大幅提升,环保理念和环保技术取得长足进步.为提升铁路建设科技水平,加快铁路建设现代化进程,增强铁路服务经济社会发展能力,提供了强有力的技术支撑.同时指出了今后铁路科技创新还需加强和完善的方向.其深刻论述将为铁道工程科学技术界今后的工作理清思路、明确目标.本刊特此刊出,以供业界研究.     

合肥地区复合地层盾构掘进参数控制研究

为保证合肥地铁盾构隧道的施工安全,基于合肥地层情况,通过PLAXIS 3D 岩土有限元软件模拟穿越软土、硬岩及复合地层 3 种不同地层条件的盾构掘进过程,研究开挖面支护力N、盾构钢壳锥度引起的收缩率C 和壁后注浆压力p 对地表沉降和围岩变形 响应的影响规律。研究结果表明: 1)支护力N 和注浆压力p 对地表沉降的影响受地层和埋深的限制较大,收缩率C 则相对较小; 2)从地表沉降上看,盾构掘进参数(N、C、p)对软土层的影响最大,复合地层次之; 3)p 对管片上浮和管片内力的影响显著,不宜设 置过高,软土层对p 最为敏感,硬岩和软硬复合地层次之。最后,将这些影响规律应用于合肥地铁4 号线某区间的盾构掘进参数控 制中,结合现场数据分析,结果表明盾构掘进姿态正确,地表沉降稳定,掘进参数合理可靠。     

小净距隧道下穿薄煤层采空区地层开挖稳定性分析

采空区地层离散性大,小净距隧道近接下穿不同倾角薄煤层采空区开挖将引起采空区内腔塌陷。建立小净距隧道近接下穿采空区地层开挖模型,对比分析采空区倾角为0°、15°、25°、40°时先行洞监测面洞周位移和初支内力。结果表明:后行洞初支闭合时,采空区倾角为15°时,拱顶下沉量最大;采空区倾角为40°时,仰拱隆起量和拱腰水平收敛量最大;随着采空区倾角增大,初期支护正(内)弯矩分布和轴力最大位置有向近接采空区侧移动的趋势,偏压越严重;应力集中逐渐由右拱脚向左拱脚移动。最大偏心距出现在拱脚处,采空区倾角为15°时,偏心距最小,初期支护稳定性最好;倾角为40°时,偏心距最大,不利于初期支护稳定。     

在基坑工程中应用拱形新型支撑结构的探讨

对常用直撑系统的特点和利弊进行分析后,提出了拱形结构的新型支撑和可调节荷载的概念;采用附加刚臂的处理方法并使用辛普森积分对基坑环境下的拱形支撑进行了力学分析及求解,推出了拱撑的矢高、跨度、截面尺寸的设计方法以及可调节荷载的计算公式。分析认为在强度相同的条件下,和直撑相比,通过改变可调节荷载的大小,拱形支撑可消除基坑工程动态不确定因素的影响,并能极大程度地减小基坑的变形以满足变形控制标准。     

多孔大跨石拱桥的施工

锦江河大桥的主桥为无制动墩的4孔64 m大跨石砌拱桥。文章对该桥的基础,下部结构,上部结构施工作了较详细的叙述,有一些新的技术改进和经验。通过施工证实,无制动墩的多孔大跨石拱桥,采用这种工艺方法施工是可行的。