RFID技术在供应链中的应用

介绍了RFID的发展历程和关键技术,对电子标签的应用及工作原理、优点等进行了阐述.从信息与利润共享入手论述了电子标签对供应链产生的影响,对RFID技术在供应链中的应用做了分析和预测,并结合中国实际对如何发展RFID在物流供应链中的应用提出了一些建议.     

霍尔开关在换挡器中的应用

挡位信息在汽车行驶过程中是一个很重要的信息,挡位信息采集的准确直接关系到汽车行驶的安全以及性能等方面的问题。在换挡器的设计过程中,选用了霍尔开关,产品在实验期间出现挡位信号采集不准的问题,通过分析原因,找到了问题的所在并予以解决。     

直接数字频率合成的杂散信号分析

介绍了直接数字频率合成技术以及分析其杂散误差,对相位截断误差和幅度量化误差进行了傅立叶级数分析研究。文章最后还简单介绍了几种改善杂散误差的方法。     

基于均值漂移粒子滤波的目标跟踪算法研究

针对粒子滤波计算量大的问题,将视觉跟踪领域的均值漂移算法（Mean Shift）与粒子滤波（PF）算法相结合,该算法利用均值漂移算法在重采样之后将粒子收敛到靠近目标真实状态的区域内,改善了传统粒子滤波器的退化现象,减少了算法的运行时间,通过被动跟踪仿真实例,同时使用均值漂移粒子滤波与传统粒子滤波进行跟踪仿真,分析了轨迹跟踪性能,利用均方根误差比较了误差性能。仿真结果表明,Mean Shift PF具有更高的跟踪精度,并且运行时间显著减少。     

基于动态分频段FRA法的自耦变压器绕组轴向移位故障诊断

针对传统的频率响应分析(FRA)法无法识别自耦变压器绕组常见轴向移位故障的问题,提出基于动态分频段的FRA法:首先,搭建自耦变压器轴向移位故障模拟平台,获取不同轴向移位故障下绕组频响数据;其次,将幅频特性曲线波峰点与相频特性曲线C-L过零点频率相同的点作为预备分频点,同时将频响数据动态划分为多个频段,并绘制分频段极坐标图;然后,提取极坐标图的4个灰度梯度共生矩阵纹理特征和对应的归一化特征参数;最后,通过图形与特征的变化规律分析自耦变压器绕组的状态。试验验证结果表明:采用基于动态分频段的FRA法,生成的极坐标图数据点重叠情况得到改善,有利于图形分析和特征提取;不同绕组发生轴向移位故障时,各频段极坐标图变化趋势明显;同一绕组发生不同程度轴向故障时,极坐标图随故障程度增加差异呈变大的趋势;采用基于动态分频段的FRA法能准确区分自耦变压器轴向移位的故障绕组与故障程度,并能为自耦变压器现场故障诊断提供参考。     

电压型三相H桥逆变器直流支撑电容容值优化

直流支撑电容是电压型逆变器的重要组成部分,其选型直接影响到逆变器的电气性能以及整机功率密度.针对三相H桥逆变器,提出了一种通过相间载波移相减小支撑电容谐波电流的方法.采用开关函数法和双重傅里叶级数分析了逆变器支撑电容电流的主要谐波成分,给出了优化电容容值的计算方法.通过仿真对比相间载波移相前后,保持直流母线波动幅值一致...     

Observer-based clutch disengagement control during gear shift process of automated manual transmission

A clutch disengagement strategy is proposed for the shift control of automated manual transmissions. The control strategy is based on a drive shaft torque observer. With the estimated drive shaft torque, the clutch can be disengaged as fast as possible without large driveline oscillations, which contributes to the reduction of total shift time and shift shock. The proposed control strategy is tested on a complete powertrain simulation model. It is verified that the system is robust to the variations of driving conditions, such as vehicle mass and road grade. It is also demonstrated that the revised system with switched gain can provide satisfactory performance even under large estimation error of the engine torque.     

Airport privatization in congested hub–spoke networks

This paper investigates the airport privatization issue. One congested hub and two linked local airports serve symmetric hub carriers. Passengers valuate the congestion delay cost and benefit from greater frequencies. The government considers privatizing either the hub or local airports. We find that in each privatizing scenario, welfare-maximizing public airport(s) set a charge below their operating costs in order to fully coordinate the high charge of privatized airport(s). If this fiscal deficit is not allowed, each scenario causes distortion. Interestingly, the distortion—and hence welfare losses—in privatizing a hub are smaller (larger) than those in privatizing both local airports when both passengers’ valuations are small (large); this is exactly the case when privatized local airports are strategic substitutes (complements). We also surprisingly find that retaining the hub airport as public and privatizing one or both local airports achieves the same market outcomes. We further find that if all airports are privatized, welfare becomes worse than the other scenarios; the hub airport charges lower (higher) prices than local airports when both local airports are strategic substitutes (complements).     

基于FPGA的任意波形信号发生器设计

文章设计的多功能信号发生器是以Altera公司的FPGA芯片为核心,运用Quartus II开发工具和VHDL语言设计而设计的一种频率、相位可调,且可以双通道显示的任意波形信号发生器。该信号发生器具有操作简单、方便携带,集成度高等特点。     

Shifting from car to active transport: A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions

IntroductionA promising way to stimulate physical activity is to promote the choice for active modes of transport (walking and cycling). Over the past years, several interventions and policies have been implemented to stimulate this mode shift. However, information concerning the effectiveness of these interventions and policies is still limited. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the effectiveness of interventions designed to stimulate a shift from car use to cycling or walking and to obtain insight into the intervention tools that have been used to promote and/or implement these interventions.MethodsFive databases were searched and articles published in English, Dutch, German, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish were included. Only studies that focussed on a mode shift from car use towards active transport in a general adult population, which were published in peer reviewed journals and which investigated effectiveness were included. Intervention tools used were categorized by using the model of Hoogerwerf & Herweijer, as either legal, economic (subsidy, reward system, penalty), communicative (written materials, behavioural tools) and physical tools (providing bicycles, providing better bicycle facilities at work, adjustment of the environment).ResultsNineteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Studies included described work-place-based interventions, architectural and urbanistic adjustments, population-wide interventions, and bicycle-renting systems. Nearly all studies (except three) showed positive effects concerning a mode shift. Most of the included studies used more than one intervention tool and the tools used differed between types of interventions. However, information about the statistical significance of these results was often lacking and the study methodologies used were not of high quality.ConclusionNearly all studies showed results in a positive direction. However, the quality of the included studies was mostly low and intervention characteristics were poorly described.