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51.
城市公共加油站规划技术要求 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对国内目前涉及公共加油站规划管理的标准和研究文献较少,且针对性不强、管理尺度不一的问题,采用调查论证、定性分析、定量分析和经验总结的方法,对现有标准和文献存在的问题进行分析,并对广州地区近10年加油站规划、管理的实践经验进行总结.系统探讨城市公共加油站在选址定点、空间布局、用地面积以及内部平面布置等方面的技术要求,以建立与城市发展相适应、布局合理、竞争有序、功能完善的现化化加油站销售服务网络体系. 相似文献
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为了测量乙醇/柴油发动机新的排放物——乙醇和乙醛,对气相色谱分析测试技术进行了研究。通过对不同采样方法和采样条件的比较分析,确定了以去离子水作为吸收液的冰水浴两级吸收采样方法,实现了对发动机尾气中乙醇和乙醛的采样,吸收效率大于96%;通过引入采样系统稀释系数、流量校正系数和吸收效率修正系数的理论计算,提高了测量的准确度;建立了一套完整的色谱分析方法和色谱标定方法,利用气相色谱仪实现了对样品中乙醇和乙醛的分离定量测试;整个测量系统对排气中的乙醇和乙醛检测限值为0.1×10-6,最大极限误差为0.5×10-6,并在一台实际乙醇/柴油发动机上进行了应用。 相似文献
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Currently, the shipping industry is facing a great challenge of reducing emissions. Reducing ship speeds will reduce the emissions in the immediate future with no additional infrastructure. However, a detailed investigation is required to verify the claim that a 10% speed reduction would lead to 19% fuel savings (Faber et al., 2012).This paper investigates fuel savings due to speed reduction using detailed modeling of ship performance. Three container ships, two bulk carriers, and one tanker, representative of the shipping fleet, have been designed. Voyages have been simulated by modeling calm water resistance, wave resistance, propulsion efficiency, and engine limits. Six ships have been simulated in various weather conditions at different speeds. Potential fuel savings have been estimated for a range of speed reductions in realistic weather.It is concluded that the common assumption of cubic speed-power relation can cause a significant error in the estimation of bunker consumption. Simulations in different seasons have revealed that fuel savings due to speed reduction are highly weather dependent. Therefore, a simple way to include the effect of weather in shipping transport models has been proposed.Speed reduction can lead to an increase in the number of ships to fulfill the transport demand. Therefore, the emission reduction potential of speed reduction strategy, after accounting for the additional ships, has been studied. Surprisingly, when the speed is reduced by 30%, fuel savings vary from 2% to 45% depending on ship type, size and weather conditions. Fuel savings further reduce when the auxiliary engines are considered. 相似文献
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Fuel-switching personal transportation from gasoline to electricity offers many advantages, including lower noise, zero local air pollution, and petroleum-independence. But alleviations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are more nuanced, due to many factors, including the car’s battery range. We use GPS-based trip data to determine use type-specific, GHG-optimized ranges. The dataset comprises 412 cars and 384,869 individual trips in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. We use previously developed algorithms to determine driver types, such as using the car to commute or not. Calibrating an existing life cycle GHG model to a forecast, low-carbon grid for Ann Arbor, we find that the optimum range varies not only with the drive train architecture (plugin-hybrid versus battery-only) and charging technology (fast versus slow) but also with the driver type. Across the 108 scenarios we investigated, the range that yields lowest GHG varies from 65 km (55+ year old drivers, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid) to 158 km (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only). The optimum GHG reduction that electric cars offer – here conservatively measured versus gasoline-only hybrid cars – is fairly stable, between 29% (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only) and 46% (commuters, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid). The electrification of total distances is between 66% and 86%. However, if cars do not have the optimum range, these metrics drop substantially. We conclude that matching the range to drivers’ typical trip distances, charging technology, and drivetrain is a crucial pre-requisite for electric vehicles to achieve their highest potential to reduce GHG emissions in personal transportation. 相似文献
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设计一种利用海水淡化的生成物浓缩海水作为电解海水的原料,通过隔膜电解海水生成强氧化性溶液和强碱性溶液,利用强氧化性溶液与船舶废气中的SOX进行反应,强碱性溶液与船舶废气的NOX进行反应,从而达到废气的脱硫脱硝.为此,设计一套完整的基于电解海水的脱硫脱硝方案,将强氧化性溶液与强碱性溶液通过喷淋雾化的形式喷射出来,与船舶废... 相似文献
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高压供气系统设计安装问题浅析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
高压气源站作为一种动力和测试气源,广泛应用在航天、航空、船舶、化工、制药等行业,具有不可替代的作用。高压气站供气系统安全正常运行的基础是设计科学,安装合理。本文在对多个高压供气系统分析总结的基础上找出了现在高压供气安装中存在的问题,分析了原因,规范了管道安装的有关工艺流程和安装测试方法。 相似文献
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为了研究影响双抗型钢管的抗氢诱导裂纹和抗硫化物应力腐蚀开裂的产生因素,对某双抗型钢管采用双V型坡口形式,通过不同线能量下手工电弧焊工艺施焊后,对焊接接头的力学性能、焊接裂纹性能、最高硬度、金相组织进行试验分析.采用美国腐蚀工程师协会的试验方法进行试验,发现钢管焊缝试样的硫化氢应力腐蚀裂纹大多沿着粒状贝氏体晶界和焊缝组织... 相似文献
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