循环式燃油系统故障仿真及特征分析

介绍了一种船舶柴油机用循环式燃油系统的结构特点,详细分析了这种燃油系统的燃油压力波形特征。对该不同燃油粘度、不同燃油比重和１２种典型故障下的燃油喷射过程进行了计算机仿真计算和特征参数的相对偏差分析,揭示了各种故障的燃油压力波形特征及与系统故障的内在联系,分析了各特征参数对不同故障的敏感特性。     

A pseudofield model approach to simulate compartment-fire phenomena for marine fire safety design

In order to prevent the spread of marine compartment fires, it is necessary to understand the governing factors or characteristics of fire-spread phenomena. We present a pseudofield model approach to this problem. We first described a field model of turbulent heat convection based on a standard k – turbulence model. Two-dimensional numerical simulations of a two-linked compartment fire were carried out in order to predict the turbulent convection flow induced by the heat released from the fire. Then a more complicated fire-spread problem of multilinked compartment fires was analyzed by means of a zone model, in which the amounts of oxygen consumption and gas generation were solved by a gas-balance equations system. The effect of threshold conditions on fire propagation and the effect of the thickness of the heat insulation were investigated with numerical simulations.     

基于大数据的乘用车油耗与续驶里程研究

基于全球乘用车整备质量、燃油箱容积和燃油消耗量数据的统计分析,推算出"NEDC工况"下的续驶里程;再通过众测油耗的统计分析,推算出乘用车满油箱燃料的实际续驶里程范围;对乘用车的供油系统设计及电动乘用车的续驶里程对标燃油车提供依据。     

A study of the environmental impacts of intelligent automated vehicle control at intersections via V2V and V2I communications

This article presents a novel intersection traffic management system for automated vehicles and quantifies its impact on fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of CO₂ relative to traditional traffic signal and roundabout intersection control. The developed intelligent traffic management (ITM) techniques, which are based on a spatiotemporal reservation scheme, ensure that vehicles proceed through the intersection without colliding with other vehicles while at the same time reducing the intersection delay and environmental impacts. Specifically, the spatiotemporal reservation scheme provides each vehicle a collision-free path that is decomposed into a speed profile along with navigational instructions. The integration of the developed microscopic traffic simulator with instantaneous emission model, provides improved assessments of the environmental impact of traffic control strategies at intersections. The simulator architecture integrates several ITM algorithms, vehicle sensors, V2V/V2I communications, and emission and fuel consumption models. Each vehicle is modeled by an agent and each agent provides information depending on the specific vehicle sensors. The ITM system is supported by V2V and V2I communications, allowing the exchange of information among vehicles and infrastructure. The data include the estimated vehicle position and speed. Compared with traditional traffic management techniques, the simulation results prove that the proposed ITM system reduces CO₂ emissions significantly. The research also shows that these reductions are more significant when the traffic flow increases.     

丰田燃料电池汽车Mirai技术分析

燃料电池汽车因具有零排放、续驶里程长、燃料加注快和噪声低等优势,引起了国内外汽车产商的广泛关注,将燃料电池新能源汽车作为研发的重点,并推出了一些量产的燃料电池汽车。基于丰田Mirai燃料电池汽车,对其技术原理和核心总成部件进行了综述分析,并对燃料电池汽车的发展方向和关键技术问题进行了思考和建议,为读者提供了有益的参考和借鉴。     

IG541混合气体灭火系统在成都地铁中的应用研究

根据地下轨道交通的消防特点,结合成都地铁工程设计实例,对气体灭火系统的控制及操作方式进行深入介绍,并着重论述气体消防系统在地铁设计中的应用:从环保、安全、经济、灭火效率及对被保护对象影响等方面对七氟丙烷与IG541混合气体进行比较,具体分析两种气体环保指标ODP、GWP、ALT值和对人员安全性指标LOAEL、NOAEL、LC50值,得出IG541混合气体适合于地铁地下车站的气体灭火系统的结论。     

国内燃料电池电堆技术进展综述

国际氢能与燃料电池汽车大会是国内燃料电池行业举办的国际一流的年度行业盛会,聚集全世界氢能与燃料电池技术的开发者、燃料电池汽车制造商、氢能燃料电池领域投资者和政府政策的制定者,携手促进氢能及燃料电池汽车的商业化发展。本文以第四届氢能与燃料电池汽车大会内容为基础,结合目前行业发展现状对国内燃料电池电堆、膜电极以及双极板的技术进展和发展趋势进行了简要阐述。     

A bi-objective dynamic programming approach for airline green fleet planning

Ensuring a fleet of green aircraft is a basic step in mitigating aviation pollution issues that are expected to be worsen in the coming years due to rapid air traffic growth. This study proposed a novel methodology in green fleet planning in which both profit and green performance of airline are considered simultaneously and explicitly. To do this, a Green Fleet Index (GFI) is derived as an indicator to quantify the green performance of airline’s fleet. It measures the degree of airline compliance with a standard requirement in terms of emission, noise, and fuel consumption. A bi-objective dynamic programming model is then formulated to find optimal aircraft acquisition (lease or purchase) decision by minimizing GFI and maximizing profit. Several interesting results are obtained: (1) considering environmental issue as secondary objective yields a greener fleet; (2) airline’s profit is affected, but could be recovered from environmental cost savings; (3) increasing load factor is an effective operational improvement strategy to enhance airline’s green performance and raise profit level. It is anticipated that the framework developed in this study could assist airlines to make a smart decision when considering the need to be green.     

LNG及车用LNG的现状与未来分析

液化天然气(LNG)具有高效、清洁、安全等特点,目前主要应用于车用燃料、城镇燃气备用气源、发电等,涉及工、商、民用,是一种应用广泛、经济性较高的能源。目前我国天然气车分为液化天然气(LNG)车和压缩天然气(CNG)车两种,两者的本质都是天然气,区别在于生产加工的方式和存在形式。     

Comparing rail fuel efficiency with truck and waterway

This paper presents a railroad energy efficiency model used to estimate the fuel economies for classes of trains transporting various commodities. Comparable procedures are used to estimate truck and waterway fuel consumption. The results show that coal unit trains are 4.5–5.0 times more energy efficient than movements in the largest trucks allowed in the eastern and western regions of the US, unit grain train movements in the central US are 4.6 times more fuel efficient, soda ash unit train and non-unit train shipments are 4.9 and 3.2 times more efficient, and ethanol unit train and non-unit train movements are 4.8 and 3.0 times more efficient. In terms of barge traffic, coal unit train and non-unit train are 1.3 and 0.9 times as energy efficient in the eastern US, grain unit train and non-unit train movements are 1.7 and 1.0 times more efficient from Minneapolis to the Gulf of Mexico, and grain unit train and non-unit train movements are 1.0 and 0.7 times more fuel efficient from the Upper Ohio River to the Gulf of Mexico.