造船供应链合作伙伴的选择

造船业的特点是品种多、批量小、周期长、合作关系复杂，船厂必须与钢铁厂、造机厂、船东、船级社等有关各方通力合作，尤其要和船舶配套企业建立良好的合作伙伴关系。本文分析了船厂选择配套企业需要考虑的质量、成本、交货期等8个因素，运用模糊层次分析法进行选择评价，并给出具体示例。     

Factoring a real value of cargo in port investment and funding decisions

Ports are marine gateways to economic activities. Ports’ ability to perform services depends on their facilities, harbor conditions, and other factors. Generally, ports have control over their facilities but must compete for funding to improve them. As for waterways, in the U.S., a Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund was established to fund dredging, which levies a 0.125% cargo value tax on most shippers using U.S. coastal and Great Lakes harbors. Yet, commonly, a gross tonnage metric is used to allocate the fund’s resources, resulting in under-maintenance of some harbors. This, reportedly, deters additional port funding and hinders valuable commerce. Supplemental economic metrics, such as value of commerce or cargo, can improve port financing decisions, but such data is not readily available. Container ports collect cargo value data in nominal terms, but bulk ports do not. When making economic decisions, however, real values must be used. Further, when allocating resources, decision-makers must be able to assess ports over time and relative to each other. Conforming to these criteria, this paper develops three port financing indicators based on a real value of cargo and illustrates their calculations using the U.S. Port of Duluth-Superior as a case study.     

关于我国航海人才培养的经济学思考

随着经济全球化进程的加快,国际贸易持续增长,航海人才业已成为航运业发展的重要支撑。中国是一个人力资源大国,开发航海人才资源前景广阔。本文首先分析了我国航海人才供需现状,阐述了航运业存在的突出问题是人才的供需失衡,进而从经济学角度对航海人才的供给进行分析,并提出了解决问题的相关建议。     

不同主导权结构下的双渠道供应链定价策略及协调机制研究

基于制造商开辟线上直销渠道与线下零售渠道构成双渠道供应链的背景下,结合实际的服务影响因素,对不同主导权结构下双渠道供应链各成员的定价策略和协调机制进行研究。分别构建制造商主导、零售商主导、垂直均衡三种分散决策下的两阶段Stackelberg博弈模型,研究发现相较于集中决策,分散决策下供应链成员在价格、需求、利润上均有所损失。为缓解渠道之间的矛盾与冲突,引入一种双向收益共享契约用于协调供应链。研究表明,在一定的收益共享范围内,双向收益共享契约可以完美协调供应链;对于主导企业而言,主导权越向自身集中,所需共享的收益比例也越小;随着零售商服务水平的增大,制造商的利润不断增大,零售商的利润不断减小,供应链整体利润呈先增后减趋势。