Product substitution and dual sourcing under random supply failures

Product substitution can mitigate supply chain disruptions. However, it may not be very effective without multiple sourcing. In this paper, we consider a supply chain with two downward substitutable products. The products can be ordered from an unreliable supplier or a reliable but more expensive supplier. It is found that in an optimal sourcing policy the higher-grade product should be preferred over the lower-grade product. A sufficient condition is given for an optimal policy where only the higher-grade product is dual-sourced. The effect of substitution is contrasted with the non-substitution case. Numerical study shows the impact of demand variability and correlation on the effect of product substitution and the corresponding optimal sourcing policy.     

Biofuel refinery location and supply chain planning under traffic congestion

This research focuses on planning biofuel refinery locations where the total system cost for refinery investment, feedstock and product transportation and public travel is minimized. Shipment routing of both feedstock and product in the biofuel supply chain and the resulting traffic congestion impact are incorporated into the model to decide optimal locations of biofuel refineries. A Lagrangian relaxation based heuristic algorithm is introduced to obtain near-optimum feasible solutions efficiently. To further improve optimality, a branch-and-bound framework (with linear programming relaxation and Lagrangian relaxation bounding procedures) is developed. Numerical experiments with several testing examples demonstrate that the proposed algorithms solve the problem effectively. An empirical Illinois case study and a series of sensitivity analyses are conducted to show the effects of highway congestion on refinery location design and total system costs.     

Quantifying the benefit of responsive pricing and travel information in the stochastic congestion pricing problem

This paper is concerned with roadway pricing amidst the uncertainty which characterizes long-term transportation planning. Uncertainty is considered both on the supply-side (e.g., the effect of incidents on habitual route choice behavior) and on the demand-side (e.g., due to prediction errors in demand forecasting). The framework developed in this paper also allows the benefits of real-time travel information to be compared directly against the benefits of responsive pricing, allowing planning agencies to identify the value of these policy options or contract terms in publicly-operated toll roads. Specifically, six scenarios reflect different combinations of policy options, and correspond to different solution methods for optimal tolls. Demonstrations are provided on both the Sioux falls and Anaheim networks. Results indicate that providing information to drivers implemented alongside responsive tolling may reduce expected total system travel time by over 9%, though more than 8% of the improvement is due to providing information, with the remaining 1% improvement gained from responsive tolling.     

我国公路交通学术期刊基金论文产出的分析与研究

对公路交通类17种学术期刊进行了调研,包括基金论文数量、基金论文获基金资助数量、基金类型分布、基金论文的学科分布等,以探讨我国公路交通科学的科研状况及基金论文产出特点和规律。     

UPS系统设计与实现

论述UPS在供电系统中的重要作用,举例介绍UPS系统的设计方案.简述UPS冗余并联系统的工作原理及后备电池组和UPS容量的选择.     

三用工作船挡货栏杆结构设计与分析

诸多功能集于一身的三用工作船(Anchor Handing Tug Supply Vessel, 以下简称AHTS)在有限的甲板空间内既要保证载货面积,又要预留足够的人员通行和设备空间。挡货栏杆作为甲板上主要的结构件,其设计一直是个难点。本文以某AHTS为例,就挡货栏杆的立柱、顶梁、拦挡构件和设备基座等主要组成部分及其结构特性进行概述,并给出立柱受货物侧向压力和受绑扎件集中力的强度校核方案,为挡货栏杆的设计提供参考和借鉴。     

Active or passive? Sustainable manufacturing in the direct-channel green supply chain: A perspective of two types of green product designs

This paper considers a supply chain in which a manufacturer produces and sells two types of green products in its direct channel under government interventions aiming to improve social welfare. There is a Stackelberg game between the two stakeholders. Our research derives the closed form solutions to the optimal tax, green degree and price for the products, and obtains the strategies for government and manufacturer under different environmental policies. By considering six scenarios, our models obtain the best choice from the comparison between the two cases in which the manufacturer determines its product green degree actively or accepts the green standard set by the government passively. Then, we conduct some sensitivity analyses and explore the scenario in which there is competition between green products and non-green products. The results of this research indicate that the government setting the product green standard and providing the manufacturer with a subsidy is significant.     

浅析发展交通产业投资基金

基金产业是21世纪最具有前景的金融产业,产业投资基金是目前我国投资基金领域亟待研究的重大课题,也是一种促进国民经济发展的投资形式。文章通过分析发展交通产业投资基金的必要性、可行性,以及交通产业投资基金与其它融资方式相比的优势,展望了交通行业发展产业投资基金的良好前景,指出了交通产业投资基金不仅能为交通产业的发展提供新动力,更能为如何筹集更多的公路建设资金提供广阔的空间。     

基于销售与服务所有权的最优定价问题研究

通过对传统渠道和电子渠道的分析,研究了基于所有权的（销售与服务）的定价问题。考虑了在不同的所有权模式下,各方能带来不同的系统增益,从而分析了针对不同的市场结构、不同的产品结构,不同的需求弹性下,供应链各个主体如何通过积极有效的所有权控制策略来挖掘渠道发展的潜力。     

山西大水网隧洞施工危险源及事故防治

为了防控隧洞施工事故,通过较系统地总结和探讨山西大水网小浪底引黄工程长距离隧洞钻爆法施工安全管理的理论和实践活动,提出了“6因素”预防的新概念和做法,克服10个不良思想和正确处理3个关系等,并提出了安全资金管理建议。“6因素”即人、机、料、工序、部位、时段,“10思想”为盲目、粗心、麻痹、侥幸、懈怠、急躁、好奇、逞强、赌气、自满,“3关系”指安全与施工进度、安全与资金、安全与施工质量的关系。建议在招投标阶段施工安全措施列项贴近实际、暂定工程量、采用竞争性单价与合价;在施工阶段,可根据实际需要调整安全措施列项、工程量。建议配置自动监测仪器,强化隧洞施工重点部位的监控、预警。