Assessing the energy and greenhouse gas emissions mitigation effectiveness of potential US modal freight policies

This paper estimates the total embodied energy and emissions modal freight requirements across the supply chain for each of over 400 sectors using Bureau of Transportation Statistics Commodity Flow Survey data and Bureau of Economic Analysis economic input-output tables for 2002. Across all sectors, direct domestic truck and rail transportation are similar in magnitude for embodied freight transportation of goods and services in terms of ton-km. However, the sectors differ significantly in energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and costs per ton-km. Recent pressure to reduce energy consumption and emissions has motivated a search for more efficient freight mode choices. One solution would be to shift freight transportation away from modes that require more energy and emit more (e.g., truck) to modes that consume and emit less (e.g., rail and water).Our results show there are no individual sectors for which targeting changes would significantly decrease the total freight transportation energy and emissions, therefore we have also looked at the prospect of policies encouraging many sectors to shift modes. There are four scenarios analyzed: (1) shifting all truck to rail, shifting top 20% sector mode choice, (2) based on their emissions, (3) based on a multi-attribute analysis, and (4) increasing truck efficiency (e.g., mpg). Increasing truck efficiency by 10% results in similar energy and emissions reductions (approximately 7% for energy and 6% for emissions) as targeting the top 20% of sectors when selected based on emissions, whereas selecting the top 20% based on availability to shift from truck results in slightly less reductions of energy and emissions. Implementing policies to encourage higher efficiency in freight trucks may be a sufficient short term goal while efforts to reduce truck freight transportation through sectoral policies are implemented in the long term.     

Putting our money to good use: Can we attract more passengers without increasing subsidies?

This paper evaluates the policy of Swedish public transport authorities, determining whether the number of trips on local public transport could have been increased without increasing subsidies. Based on annual data from Swedish counties, the evaluation found that between 1986 and 2001 public transport fares exceeded the passenger-maximising fare most of the time in all but two counties, the average deviation being 1-215%. Evaluating the alternative, passenger-maximising policy, including both fare and service changes for 2001, demonstrated that demand for local public transport in Swedish counties could have been increased by 0-178% without increasing subsidies. Aggregated, this represents a 2.3% increase in the number of trips on local public transport in Sweden.     

The longer and heavier vehicle debate: A review of empirical evidence from Germany

This paper aims to evaluate the likely effects of the adoption of Longer Heavier Vehicles (LHVs) from the perspective of logistics service providers (LSPs). The research consists of six case studies and a survey of companies which were involved LHV trials in Germany. Wider introduction of LHVs is being increasingly demanded so that road freight transport can better serve and support modern supply chains whilst achieving the desired eco-efficiency advancements. Available literature on LHVs puts a particular emphasis on five factors that need to be included in the assessment of their impact: energy efficiency, CO₂ emissions, costs, safety and infrastructure. The research provides an original and innovative empirical study refining and validating the current conceptual framework for assessing LHVs demonstrating it is a valuable tool and providing evidence that the vast majority of companies participating in our study, regardless of their size, were interested in the adoption of LHVs. However, it should be noted that a key limitation of the research is that by focusing on a single country case, the nature and scale of the findings may not reflect practice in other countries and sectors. There is also a need to examine the long-term sustainability of the improvements made.     

多Agent在铁路供电设备状态管理系统中的应用

现有铁路供电管理信息系统只是将信息汇总,方便用户浏览,多数不具有分析功能。为此,提出一种将多Agent技术应用于供电MIS的方法,并以铁路供电管理信息系统设备状态监测子系统为例,论述系统的层次结构和工作流程、各个Agent的功能部署和协作机制、系统的优缺点。     

基于供应链的造船企业供应商关系管理研究

文章基于供应链的内涵,以当前造船企业供应商关系管理所面临的难题为切入点,从造船企业供应商关系管理的现状与存在的问题出发,阐述加强供应商关系管理的重要意义,提出了造船企业供应商关系管理的考评、激励、开发等一系列方法与策略。     

Factoring a real value of cargo in port investment and funding decisions

Ports are marine gateways to economic activities. Ports’ ability to perform services depends on their facilities, harbor conditions, and other factors. Generally, ports have control over their facilities but must compete for funding to improve them. As for waterways, in the U.S., a Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund was established to fund dredging, which levies a 0.125% cargo value tax on most shippers using U.S. coastal and Great Lakes harbors. Yet, commonly, a gross tonnage metric is used to allocate the fund’s resources, resulting in under-maintenance of some harbors. This, reportedly, deters additional port funding and hinders valuable commerce. Supplemental economic metrics, such as value of commerce or cargo, can improve port financing decisions, but such data is not readily available. Container ports collect cargo value data in nominal terms, but bulk ports do not. When making economic decisions, however, real values must be used. Further, when allocating resources, decision-makers must be able to assess ports over time and relative to each other. Conforming to these criteria, this paper develops three port financing indicators based on a real value of cargo and illustrates their calculations using the U.S. Port of Duluth-Superior as a case study.     

供应链整合研究综述

供应链整合作为一种新的提升企业竞争力进而提高企业绩效的管理理念,引起了国内外学者的广泛关注,并取得了一定的研究成果。本文对供应链整合的有关文献进行回顾和分析,并指出了目前研究中存在的问题以及今后研究的大致方向。     

科学筹措资金强化财会管理提高经营效益为实现铁路跨越式发展做出更大贡献--在全国铁路财会工作会议上的报告(摘要)

“十五”以来,全路财会工作在提高运输经营效益、保证铁路建设生产发展资金、深化财务管理体制改革、规范资金管理和加强财会信息化建设等方面取得了良好的成绩。进入“十一五”,面临新形势,提出铁路财务工作的总体思路,其目标是在资金筹措、运输经营效益、运输财务体制改革、加强财会管理和提高财会人员素质方面有新的突破。2006年铁路财会工作的重点是科学筹集确保资金供给、挖潜提效确保年度经营目标、大力推进全面预算管理、实现基本建设财务有序可控、深化各项改革、完善铁路国有资产管理监督体系、推进财会信息化建设、规范财会工作、提高财会队伍素质,努力开创“十一五”工作新局面。     

潜艇密闭舱室供氧措施分析

介绍潜艇密闭舱室供氧的几种措施，各措施的原理、优缺点;分析国外潜艇供氧技术的发展过程、最新技术和未来舱室供氧的发展趋势。     

某大功率直流电源装置的技术方案

本文以某型大功率直流电源装置的制造为实例,介绍了大功率整流电源装置的技术方案设计过程,通过利用多种技术方案的性能特点对比和优化,完成大功率整流装置方案的最佳设计途径.