Optimum design of tilting bogie frame in consideration of fatigue strength and weight

This paper addresses the use of finite-element (FE) analysis to calculate the fatigue strength of a bogie frame, for the development of tilting trains in Korea. A multi-body dynamic analysis was performed to extract the load condition by tilting on curves. Using the results of the multi-body dynamic analysis and the load scenario setout in the UIC standard, FE analysis was performed to obtain the stress distribution and to calculate the fatigue strength. An attempt was made to minimize the weight of the bogie frame using a back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN). The results of this study reveal that the stresses at some nodes are near the fatigue limit in the Goodman diagram and by using back-propagation ANN, the weight of the bogie frame could be reduced by 4.7%.     

高速列车横向平稳性主动控制规律研究

提高列车的运行平稳性是机车车辆动力学的研究热点。本文以列车的横向运行平稳性为研究对象,采用面向对象的建模方法,建立了由3节车辆组成的车组横向动力学模型,并将作动器放置在车端构成车端主动悬挂系统。采用轨道不平顺高速谱作为输入,考虑轮轴间时延,运用遗传算法对控制器进行优化设计。研究表明,采用车端主动悬挂系统,运用本文算法,车组的横向运行平稳性得到了提高;当在端部车辆的端部二系悬挂中再并行设置作动器,并采用改进的天棚阻尼器算法后,端部车体的振动得到了有效抑制,整个列车横向运行平稳性进一步得到了改善。     

牵引定数不统一的港口后方腹地车流组织优化

线路区段牵引定数不统一是影响列车编组计划制定的重要因素,导致了列车在部分区段欠轴运行,在换重站或技术站进行补减轴作业.本文重点论述了减重方向列车编组方案的优化问题,提出了按充分条件将各种方案归类的方法,从而减少方案成本的对比次数,能快速获得最优的运送方案.在方案成本构成的分析过程中,充分考虑了各影响因素,将牵引机车费用看作与里程相关的可变成本,将欠轴列车浪费的机车和线路能力转化为惩罚费用,并考虑列车开行频率对方案费用的影响,最后从全网络的角度建立减重方向减轴列车编组优化模型.该模型既可获得合理的减重站,又能依据车流量关系选择优化的减轴编组方式,实例验证了模型的有效性.     

细水雾与排烟系统共同作用下地铁车站火灾烟气蔓延规律

为研究岛式地铁车站内列车发生火灾时，站台细水雾与排烟系统对烟气蔓延的控制效果，依托西安地铁4号线岛式地铁车站，采用FDS软件建立1：1的数值仿真模型，选择大涡模拟，研究站内列车火灾规模为5 MW时，站台细水雾与排烟系统共同作用下，火灾烟气蔓延速度、能见度与温度场的分布特征，分析了细水雾与排烟系统对烟气蔓延特性的影响规律；并通过缩尺模型试验，验证了数值模拟方法研究细水雾控制地铁火灾烟气蔓延的可靠性。研究结果表明：车门间隔开启时，烟气先向列车两侧蔓延，150 s时扩散至整个车厢并向站台层蔓延，当开启站台细水雾时，烟气温度明显下降，且随着细水雾粒径的减小与流量的增大，烟层降温效果增强；当水雾粒径为100 μm，流量为8 L·min^-1时，距离站台中线3 m处断面平均温度为36.19℃，较未开启细水雾时温升降幅可达62.91%；同时细水雾使得烟层蔓延速度减小，在开启细水雾系统后200 s内2^#楼梯口平均空气质量流速下降39.72%；当开启排烟系统时，可使列车内温度场纵向分布最大值向火源下游移动，加快站台层及列车内对流换热效率，使细水雾的气相冷却作用得到加强，二者同时作用时降温阻烟效果最佳。     

一种摆式列车未平衡加速度测量仪的研究

介绍了一在于单摆的高精度数字测量仪，采用磁电涡流阻尼和光电编码器摆角的结构，它适合于测量车体的理论与实际倾斜角的误差，从而测量对应的未平衡加速度。对测量原理进行了分析，同时介绍了实验室条件下试验的结果。     

电磁永磁混合磁悬浮列车的磁铁结构优化设计

根据力学模型提出了增大混合磁铁磁轭高度以提高承载力的方法,从承载能力、可控性及永磁工作点3个角度展开对混合磁铁结构参数的优化分析。理论分析及仿真结果表明,适当增大永磁截面积在满足系统承载力要求的同时能提高磁铁可控性;合理选取永久磁铁的截面积和厚度参数能保证磁铁工作在最大能积点。     

城市轨道交通 动车调试的项目管理

动车调试在城市轨道交通项目建设期和运营期之间起到承上启下的软着陆作用，为城市轨道交通系统的快速有序建成和投入运营搭建了良好的平台。以北京市实施完成的动车调试项目为对象，介绍动车调试项目管理模式的建立、实施过程的管理、管理效果检验等，动车调试项目管理技术在北京市城市轨道交通领域得到成功应用。     

Simulation of dynamic interaction between train and railway turnout

Dynamic train–track interaction is more complex in railway turnouts (switches and crossings) than that in ordinary tangent or curved tracks. Multiple contacts between wheel and rail are common, and severe impact loads with broad frequency contents are induced, when nominal wheel–rail contact conditions are disturbed because of the continuous variation in rail profiles and the discontinuities in the crossing panel. The absence of transition curves at the entry and exit of the turnout, and the cant deficiency, leads to large wheel–rail contact forces and passenger discomfort when the train is switching into the turnout track. Two alternative multibody system (MBS) models of dynamic interaction between train and a standard turnout design are developed. The first model is derived using a commercial MBS software. The second model is based on a multibody dynamics formulation, which may account for the structural flexibility of train and track components (based on finite element models and coordinate reduction methods). The variation in rail profile is accounted for by sampling the cross-section of each rail at several positions along the turnout. Contact between the back of the wheel flange and the check rail, when the wheelset is steered through the crossing, is considered. Good agreement in results from the two models is observed when the track model is taken as rigid.     

路堤上运行的高速列车在侧风下的流场结构及气动性能

强侧风产生的气动力时高速列车的运行安全性有显著的影响。基于三维、定常、不可压N-S方程以及k-ε双方程湍流模型,采用有限体积法,对侧风作用下路堤上运行的高速列车进行数值模拟计算,所模拟的列车时速达350 km。通过分析侧风条件下列车周围的流场结构,得到了风速、车速与气动力之间的变化关系。研究结果表明,尽管所计算的列车外表几何形状简单,但其流场仍然非常复杂,列车背风侧将产生数个漩涡,漩涡的位置随车速、风速发生变化。车辆气动力随风速、车速的增加而逐渐增大。头车所受倾覆力矩最大,且其增长率也最大。     

Mathematical modelling of train–turnout interaction

The paper proposes a mathematical model of train–turnout interaction in the mid-frequency range (0–500 Hz). The model accounts for the effects of rail profile variation along the track and of local variation of track flexibility. The proposed approach is able to represent the condition of one wheel being simultaneously in contact with more than one rail, allowing the accurate prediction of the effect of wheels being transferred from one rail to another when passing over the switch toe and the crossing nose. Comprehensive results of train–turnout interaction during the negotiation of the main and the branch lines are presented, including the effect of wear of wheel/rail profiles and presence of track misalignment. In the final part of the paper, comparisons are performed between the results of numerical simulations and line measurements performed on two different turnouts for urban railway lines, showing a good agreement between experimental and numerical results.