Strategies of state and local government in management of urban transport problems – A case of Delhi

In India, different layers of Government control different policy instruments to tackle transport externalities which might result in coordination problems and possible efficiency losses. This paper, therefore, addresses the coordination problem resulting from the division of policy instruments between two different government levels that face different types of externalities in varying degrees of magnitude in the urban transport sector by developing three types of theoretical models: the Full Control Centralised Model where the state government has full control over all pricing instrument; a Nash equilibrium model where each of the government levels controls only one instrument and takes the behaviour of the other as given; and a Stackelberg equilibrium mode where the behaviour of the state government is influenced by the fact that one of the price instruments is controlled by the local government. With an empirical illustration of the model for Delhi, the paper finds that since there are many interactions and many externalities between the two levels of government, a division of roles between them does not guarantee an efficient pricing outcome and the efficiency of pricing would depend on the institutional set up and on the correspondence between the objective functions of the two government levels.     

Examining pedestrian-injury severity using alternative disaggregate models

This paper investigates the injury severity of pedestrians considering detailed road user characteristics and alternative model specification using a high-quality Danish road accident data. Such detailed and alternative modeling approach helps to assess the sensitivity of empirical inferences to the choice of these models.     

From theory to practice in road safety policy: Understanding risk versus mobility

This paper reviews theoretical issues surrounding transport safety modeling and the implications for road safety policy. The behavioral mechanisms that affect transport safety are typically not considered in safety modeling. These issues are discussed in the context of trade-offs between risk-taking, as perceived by travelers, and other mobility objectives and the attributes associated with them. This is an extension of other theoretical frameworks, such as risk compensation, and attempts to integrate some of the previous frameworks developed over the years. Various examples of behavioral adaptation to specific policies are discussed and linked to the framework. These issues are then discussed in the context of improvements to empirical work in this area and the linkage of theoretical frameworks to crash modeling, in particular the estimation and use of Crash Modification Factors. Conclusions suggest that there are many deficiencies in practice, from estimation of models to choice of effective policies. Progress is being made on the former, while the publication of practical guidance seems to have substantial lags in knowledge.     

Estimating demand variables of maritime container transport: An aggregate procedure for the Mediterranean area

Demand variables of maritime container transport (throughput, transhipment and origin–destination flows) may be estimated with freight demand models. As their parameters generally vary both in time and space, models may not be transferable to geographical areas and time periods differing from that for which they are calibrated.     

Experiences with Competitive Tendering of Bus Services in Germany

Abstract

After a long transition period with only a few isolated procedures for competitive tendering, the market for German public transport bus services has seen numerous such tenders in recent years. The results are complex. From the public transport authorities’ point of view, the main effects are a decrease in subsidy payments, with relatively low expenses relating to the tendering process (allocation, contract management). The overall level of competition is high, with five to seven bidders on average, although this has been declining in recent years. Entry barriers have been identified at significant levels for several parameters, especially with respect to the volume tendered and the revenue risk to be borne by the operator out of net‐cost contracts. Demonstrably small‐ and medium‐sized transport operators have been able to increase their market share in the starting phase of introducing tendering, with diminishing success rates in recent years. Due to the increased quality requirements in competitive tendering, the quality of public transport available has improved considerably, and environmental standards have been better implemented and sustained. As far as employees are concerned, a trend towards wages below the wage rate of private operators cannot be observed. However, their level is well below the level of public incumbent operators.     

地质超前预报在桃花铺一号隧道TBM施工中的应用

介绍了 R2 4浅层地震仪超前地质预报的技术特点和基本测量机理、步骤 ,结合西南线桃花铺一号隧道预报的实例 ,将超前地质预报结果与隧道开挖实际进行对比 ,显示超前地质预报在 TBM施工中的重要性和实用性。     

哈大线电气化铁道远动系统简介

介绍了哈尔滨大连电气化铁道所引进德国的S.P.I.D.E.R.远动系统用于对供电系统的控制、监督、采集和分析数据,并提供一个建立网络控制应用的操作平台。系统的引进为我国电气化铁道远动控制提供了可借鉴的经验。     

高速机车司机室的设计分析与计算

应用人机工程学理论及有关标准，总结以往的设计经验，提出一套较完整的司机室设计思路和计算方法，使司机室设备布置简统化，功能、造型完善和谐，富有美学效果。     

运三高速公路病害路段技术处治

运三高速公路自通车以来，部分路段出现严重的车辙等病害，根据路况调查结果，提出病害路段技术处治措施及维修施工质量控制要点。     

LKJ2000型监控装置的完善与改进

指出LKJ2000型装置在使用中的不足，提出了改进方案，对下一代监控装置设计如何引进新技术作了初步探讨。