驾驶人“感知-决策-操控”行为模型

为准确模拟驾驶人跟车行为，提出基于隐马尔可夫模型(Hidden Markov Model，HMM)的驾驶人“感知-决策-操控”行为模型。建立描述驾驶意愿的HMM模型，模拟驾驶人感知过程，获得期望的车间距；预测模块模拟驾驶人根据交通环境和自身生理、心理状态预测车辆未来轨迹，即决策过程；优化模块描述驾驶人为使预测的车辆轨迹跟踪上期望的车辆间距而采取的操控汽车的执行动作，即操控过程。上述3个模块的滚动过程实现了对驾驶人跟车行为的模拟。利用自然驾驶数据进行算例分析，结果表明，本文模型预测车间距平均误差仅为1.47%，证明了所建模型的有效性及准确性。本文为驾驶行为建模方法的理论研究和应用拓宽了思路。     

Optimal development of alternative fuel station networks considering node capacity restrictions

A potential solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector is the use of alternative fuel vehicles (AFV). As global GHG emission standards have been in place for passenger cars for several years, infrastructure modelling for new AFV is an established topic. However, as the regulatory focus shifts towards heavy-duty vehicles (HDV), the market diffusion of AFV-HDV will increase as will planning the relevant AFV infrastructure for HDV. Existing modelling approaches need to be adapted, because the energy demand per individual refill increases significantly for HDV and there are regulatory as well as technical limitations for alternative fuel station (AFS) capacities at the same time. While the current research takes capacity restrictions for single stations into account, capacity limits for locations (i.e. nodes) – the places where refuelling stations are built such as highway entries, exits or intersections – are not yet considered. We extend existing models in this respect and introduce an optimal development for AFS considering (station) location capacity restrictions. The proposed method is applied to a case study of a potential fuel cell heavy-duty vehicle AFS network. We find that the location capacity limit has a major impact on the number of stations required, station utilization and station portfolio variety.     

平台运动下悬链线立管涡激振动响应特性分析

悬链线立管会在半潜平台运动带动下出现涡激振动现象,对立管疲劳寿命造成影响.借助海工结构物动力分析软件Orcaflex建立立管模型,使用Iwan-Blevins尾流振子模型进行数值模拟.通过与试验结果对比验证了该方法的可行性.同时建立实尺度悬链线立管模型,并考虑背景海流的影响,分析平台垂荡、纵荡运动下的立管涡激振动响应和疲劳损伤.研究表明,平台运动产生的非定常流场将引起悬链线立管发生涡激振动现象,并在背景洋流激励的基础上增大疲劳损伤,在立管结构实际工程设计时应予以关注.     

Short-term statistics of ice loads on ship bow frames in floe ice fields: Full-scale measurements in the Antarctic ocean

Ship operation and ice loading in floe ice fields have received considerable interest during recent years. There have been several numerical simulators developed by different institutes which can simulate ship navigation through floe ice fields and estimate ship performance and local ice loads. However, public data obtained from full-scale measurement covering comprehensively ship performance and ice loads under various ice thicknesses, concentrations and floe sizes are rare. The 2018/19 Antarctic voyage of the Polar Supply and Research Vessel (PSRV) S.A. Agulhas II gathered considerable data of the ship in floe ice fields under various thicknesses, concentrations, and floe sizes. The aim of this paper is to carry out statistical analysis to seek suitable probability distributions which adequately fit the measured ice load and therefore suitable to be used as parent distributions for long-term estimation. For this aim, three categories of probability distributions, namely standard distributions, truncated distributions and mixture distributions are tested. It is found that truncated distributions can fit the load data better than standard distributions bounded at the threshold. In addition, mixture distributions are shown to have promising features, which fit the data well and are able to separate distribution components. Subsequentially, the well-performed distributions are used as parent distributions to make long-term load estimations. The estimation results demonstrate that long-term estimations are sensitive to the selection of parent distribution, which addresses the importance of finding correct distribution to model short-term ice loads. The data of ten selected cases will be published for the use of other researchers.     

聚酯纤维对沥青混合料路用性能影响分析

聚酯纤维作为一种良好的沥青混合料添加材料,在沥青路面中已开始应用。结合工程实例试验分析了掺加聚酯纤维后对沥青混合料性能的影响。     

面向健康诊断的悬索桥试验模型设计

介绍了以健康监测与诊断研究为目的的悬索桥结构模型试验设计。根据悬索桥的结构特点,建立了考虑横向联结系的三维有限元模型;然后采用ANSYS有限元分析程序对模型的动力特性进行了预分析,获得了模型的自振频率和振型,进一步验证模型试验的可行性,为进行更深层次的试验研究奠定了基础。     

基于高斯曲率识别板式无砟轨道中CA砂浆脱空伤损

板式无砟轨道中CA砂浆在列车荷载、环境温度等多种作用下容易产生脱空等伤损,准确检测出这些伤损显得尤为重要。针对CA砂浆的伤损,建立轨道板-CA砂浆模型,利用有限元软件对系统进行模态分析,通过计算分析得到轨道板的曲率模态,结合高斯曲率确定CA砂浆的伤损及伤损位置。计算结果表明：轨道板的前五阶高斯曲率可以反映伤损的有无及其具体位置,一阶高斯曲率最为明显。轨道板-CA砂浆系统一阶高斯曲率不仅可以准确识别单处CA砂浆伤损,还可以准确识别多处CA砂浆伤损。     

冲刷条件下既有桥梁桩基础工作性状研究进展

水流冲刷可导致桥梁桩基础周围土体受到侵蚀,其后果轻则降低桩基础承载力,重则导致整座桥梁坍塌。尽管有关桥梁桩基础冲刷的研究很多,而涉及如何评价冲刷对桥梁桩基础承载性状影响的研究却较少,但正在受到学术界与工程界的高度重视。在分析由冲刷引起桥墩、桥台及桩基病害的基础上,重点从理论分析、数值模拟、模型试验等方面评述冲刷条件下,桩基水平和竖向承载性状的研究现状与进展,认为急需更多系统性的研究以探求合理的理论分析方法。因而,有必要进行大量的数值模拟和模型试验甚至是现场试验来研究桩基的冲刷性状,进而为找到分析冲刷对整座桥梁结构安全性能影响的实用评估方法提供理论基础。     

落石碰撞法向恢复系数的模型试验研究

法向恢复系数取值是落石运动路径计算的关键参数。利用高速摄像机拍摄不同坡面铺装、不同坡度、不同下落高度、不同落石质量和形状试验条件下落石碰撞坡面的过程,提取落石碰撞坡面前后落石的运动参数,据此反算法向恢复系数,得到如下规律:坡面铺装和坡度是法向恢复系数的主要影响因素,落石的形状和质量以及下落高度对法向恢复系数的影响不明显;随坡面由硬到软,法向恢复系数逐渐减小;随着坡度的增大,法向恢复系数逐渐增大;由试验数据计算所得各种试验条件下的法向恢复系数多集中在0.4以下,占总数量的94%,其中0.3以下的占84.8%,0.1以下的占36.5%,且有超过1/3的试验落石几乎没有法向回弹,说明以前仅基于坡面软硬程度的法向恢复系数取值方法在实际工程中会使计算的落石弹跳高度偏大。从坡面铺装和坡度两方面综合考虑,给出了法向恢复系数取值建议表,并建议坡面越硬、坡度越大时取区间内高值,反之则取区间低值。     

混合湍流模型的参数优化与分析

在以全流场N-S方程为研究对象的空化流动数值计算中,湍流模型在很大程度上影响了对空化流动的精确预测。为了进一步完善针对非定常空化流动数值计算构建的基于密度分域的混合湍流模型（FBDCM）,利用代理模型方法对FBDCM模型参数的整体敏感度进行了分析,评价了相关经验系数的扰动对空化流场及水动力特性预测精确度的影响,建议了针对非定常空化流动计算的模型参数的具体取值。结果表明,经验系数C2通过调节FBDCM中FBM模型和DCM模型的影响比重,成为对模型预测精度影响程度最大的因素;通过代理模型优化分析确定经验系数的混合湍流模型,能更好地调整流场内的湍流粘性,精确计算了反向射流区域大尺度涡团的流动,与实验结果更为接近。