软件开发部门实施软件能力成熟度模型的研究

软件是未来铁路综合信息系统的核心,而铁路软件开发部门的规范化则是铁路软件质量的保证.CMM是目前国内外软件开发流程的规范化模型,结合铁路目前软件开发的现状,给出了将CMM模型运用到铁路软件开发过程的一系列方法.     

AN FFT-BASED SELF-SIMILAR TRAFFIC GENERATOR

IntroductionWhen modeling network traffic,packet ar-rivals are often assumed to be Poisson processes,because such processes have attractive theoreticalproperties. Recenet work,however,argues con-vincingly that local- area network traffic is muchbetter modeled using statistically self- similar pro-cesses[1] ,which have more different theoreticalproperties than Poisson processes. A subsequentinvestigation suggests that the same holds forwide- area network traffic[2 ,3 ] .The theory of self- sim…     

摩托车碰撞模型的研究性评估和分析——ISO 13232标准应用研究

随着ISO13232-2005摩托车碰撞系列标准的发布,为评估摩托车产品影响人身和车辆安全考核提供了重要的参考依据。该标准不仅提高了摩托车产品对骑乘人员防护水平的认知,也促进了摩托车产品安全技术的不断提升。本文仅从摩托车碰撞实体模型建立方面,参考ISO13232-2005标准中碰撞试验模型及国际上部分关于摩托车公开碰撞的资料,结合实际检验工作需要,设定了可行性二轮摩托车碰撞模型。     

船舶焊接末端受电抖振及其电频细化研究

船舶焊接领域中，钢板等焊接不可避免的会产生焊接残余应力，针对这一问题，文章通过分析焊接机器人焊枪末端受电抖振及其扰动等影响来揭示其响应规律。首先通过搭建的焊接模型阐明焊接过程动力学特性，然后研究不同特性电弧力对焊枪运动稳定性的影响，探索末端焊枪作业稳定性与焊接区电弧力及电源频率等参量之间响应关系，并对多组不同驱动电频下的焊接运动进行动力学仿真，得到电频变化与电弧力的对应规律。研究表明，焊接电源频率的有效细化有利于末端焊枪焊接运动过程的平稳，且发现最优焊接电源频率在10HZ邻域时焊枪末端动态振动最小，通过控制电源频率大小能明显抑制焊枪振动，在一定程度上降低残余应力大小，有利于船舶焊接表面质量的提高。     

Investigations on the ship-ice impact: Part 1. Experimental methodologies

In the structural design of the Polar Class ships, glancing impact with ice has been considered as the governing load scenario for dimensioning the bow structure. At present, non-linear transient dynamic analysis has been reckoned as a fundamental requirement in the assessment of the structural strength of ships with higher ice classes. Under such requirement, understanding of the dynamic characteristics of the ship-ice impact load appears significant importance. The present study aims to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of the impact loads by simulating the glancing impact events between a polar research vessel and giant ice floes in ice tank. The ship-ice impact loads were recorded by a grid-based tactile sensor attached on the bow area of the model ship. To achieve a reasonable simulation on the design scenario described by the IACS Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships (UR I), a series of methodological calibration tests were preliminarily carried out to determine the key parameters that should be carefully monitored and controlled, accompanying with thorough discussions on the ship-ice impact process. This paper provides detailed information on the preliminary methodological calibrations and the tactile data processing techniques, including the identification of the ship-ice contact area, the depiction of the ice loading trail and the outline of the spatial distributions of local ice pressures. A companion paper provides detailed analyses and discussions regarding the spatial and temporal variation of the ice impact loads from the formal tests based on the proposed testing procedures obtained by the methodological calibrations.     

Ultrafine particle infiltration into passenger vehicles. Part II: Model analysis

Experimental studies showed that infiltration and passive ventilation are important air exchange mechanisms inside vehicles but previous mathematical models did not consider either one. In this study, we incorporated infiltration and passive ventilation to advance the existing mathematical models and evaluated how different transport mechanisms affect passenger exposures at increasing speeds. Infiltration was formulated using Bernoulli’s equation and passive ventilation was derived empirically. The new model describes ultrafine particle (UFP) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) transport for a wide range of driving speed under any ventilation conditions. Unlike statistical models, this mathematical model can also provide vehicle-specific and transport mechanism-specific information. The model predictions were in a good agreement with data collected from 10 different vehicle models with an average discrepancy of less than 16% for UFPs and less than 3% for CO₂. Under outdoor air (OA) mode, when the fan is off, the model simulation showed that the infiltration and passive ventilation can substantially increase the UFP I/O (in-cabin/on-road concentrations) ratio from 0.15 at 0 km/h to 0.57 at 130 km/h. At medium fan setting, mechanical ventilation dominates and UFP I/O stays at 0.58 regardless of driving speed. Under recirculation (RC) mode, infiltration increases and the RC-mode filtration only removed 44% and 69% of the infiltrated particles at the lowest and medium fan settings, respectively. Model simulations under OA mode show that infiltration starts to occur above 115 km/h with the lowest fan setting; whereas, medium and higher fan settings prevent infiltration up to 145 km/h.     

大跨度钢箱梁斜拉桥索梁锚固区传力机理

结合南京长江二桥、安庆长江大桥、苏通长江大桥索梁锚固区足尺模型疲劳试验及有限元分析,研究索梁锚固区的传力机理及应力分布。研究表明,由斜拉索传来的巨大压力,通过锚箱底板、承压板与腹板的连接焊缝,以剪力的形式传递到钢箱梁腹板上;锚箱与主梁腹板焊缝处的应力从上到下逐渐增大,在下端达到最大值,承压板上的应力稍小,均满足强度要求;经200万次和400万次(苏通大桥)疲劳加载,均未发现有裂纹发生,应力均无大的变化。验证了设计的正确性和制造工艺的可行性。     

基于多代理机制的列车运行调整模型及算法动态集成研究

分析列车运行调整问题研究的现状与进展,主要集中在模型研究和算法研究两个方面。分析传统求解模型及算法研究的局限性,提出对现有模型及算法进行动态集成的研究思路。采用基于多代理机制的动态集成方法,将模型对象和算法对象转化成多个代理,定义多代理之间的交互策略,实现调整方法的动态集成。提出基于多代理机制的列车运行调整问题模型及算法的动态集成系统。     

工程模型的造型艺术及制作技术探讨

工程模型的制作在必须具有真实性、功能性和艺术性三位一体的同时、再通过造型艺术和采用新技术、新材料、新成果等措施，使模型成为更高品位的作品。     

青藏铁路昆仑山隧道排水侧沟模型试验研究

以青藏铁路昆仑山隧道排水侧沟为实体,通过室内模型试验,采取在隧道排水侧沟内铺设加热电缆,进行加热除冰,研究寒季隧道侧沟电热除冰对隧道围岩的影响程度和范围,分析在极端不利条件下隧道侧沟电热除冰方案的可行性。在隧道侧沟内积满冰后进行加热,冰完全融化后对隧道围岩温度的最大影响深度为2.95 m,围岩温度最大升高值为0.71℃,发热电缆加热化冰过程会使隧道围岩温度有所升高,但不会导致隧道围岩融化。在极端不利情况下(气温-13.0℃),水沟流量为50 m3.d-1,采用70 W.m-1的发热电缆,水沟温度保持在-0.5~1.0℃,侧沟内水温基本在-0.1~0.3℃之间波动,沟内水不结冰,水沟排水通畅,而且对隧道围岩的影响很小。