Greenhouse gas emissions associated with electric vehicle charging: The impact of electricity generation mix in a developing country

Since 2012, the government has been promoting the electric vehicles and the development of related infrastructure to encourage local automakers to explore into the alternatively powered vehicles. However, the benefits of grid-dependent EVs can only be harvested under the condition that their use is coupled with a low carbon electricity grid. Thus, it is an additional challenge for Malaysia's that are largely dependent on fossil fuels for electricity generation. The object of this paper is to perform a well-to-wheel life cycle assessment for calculating the greenhouse gas emissions attributable to the usage of ICEVs, HEVs and EVs in Malaysian scenario. These emission calculations will provide the best information for policymakers, researchers, and investors to make appropriate and effective decisions on policies, research and investments in future transport energy. The results show that running EVs with national grid will produce an average of 7% more GHG emissions than HEVs at the same distance. However, they will produce an average of 19% less GHG emissions than the ICEVs. Overall the GHG emissions produced through the usage of EVs are substantial based on the well-to-wheel analysis, as the environmental profile of EVs is linked with the national grid. Therefore, in order to harvest the benefit of EVs towards climate change and global warming mitigation, massive modernization and transformation should be taken for the development of the national grid towards greener sources.     

Structural loads induced in a containership by abnormal wave conditions

An analysis is presented of the vertical bending moments induced in a containership by a set of abnormal waves measured at different locations and on different occasions. A systematic investigation was carried out by using a large set of wave traces that included abnormal waves. In this way it was possible to assess the influence of the height, length, and shape of the abnormal waves on the wave-induced structural loads. The probability distributions of the ship responses to the sea states that included the abnormal waves were also calculated and were compared to the responses induced by the abnormal waves and to fitted distributions. Finally, the structural loads induced by the abnormal waves were compared with rule values and with long-term predictions.     

曹娥江大闸闸前大桥的施工测量

介绍曹娥江大闸闸前大桥采用GPS全球定位技术与全站仪相结合的施工测量方法。     

胶济铁路干线调度集中系统的研究

调度集中系统是铁路运输调度指挥的重要行车设备，是提高铁路调度指挥效率、保证行车安全的重要系统。分散自律调度集中系统是综合了计算机技术、网络通信技术和现代控制技术，采用智能化分散自律设计原则，以列车运行调整计划控制为中心，兼顾列车与调车作业的高度自动化的调度指挥系统。现以胶济线为背景，详细分析胶济线的运输组织模式及运输作业特点，总结该线铁路运输规律，在此基础上提出了适用于繁忙铁路干线的调度集中系统方案，探讨了调度集中系统的应用对传统运输组织模式所带来的变革。胶济线调度集中系统的应用，为全路繁忙铁路干线实现调度集中指挥提供了示范。     

整体制动盘热应力有限元仿真分析

利用ABAQUS软件,对三筋板、四筋板和散热柱3类结构的合金铸铁、球墨铸铁、蠕墨铸铁材料制成的整体制动盘进行了温度场和热应力场分析。研究制动初速度为220 km.h-1时紧急制动情况下整体制动盘的热力学特性。对数值仿真结果的分析表明:当选用相同的材料时,四筋板制动盘的盘面最高温度比三筋板制动盘和散热柱制动盘的要低,四筋板制动盘结构优于三筋板制动盘;合金铸铁制动盘的最大热应力接近极限强度应力,而球墨铸铁制动盘和蠕墨铸铁制动盘的余量较大;与散热柱制动盘相比,四筋板制动盘的最大Mises应力及其应力梯度稍大,但不明显;当1个车轴安装2个制动盘时,制动过程中盘面的最高温度达到308℃,远大于1个车轴安装3个制动盘时的220℃;最大Mises应力大于280 MPa,超过了合金铸铁制动盘的允许应力(235 MPa)。建议准高速客车每轴安装3个制动盘。     

DSP技术在船舶导航中的应用研究

为了解决GPS定位可靠性差的问题，本文讨论了利用航位推算方法辅助GPS进行定位，从而弥补了GPS的缺陷。文中介绍了航位推算系统的原理和数学模型，给出了基于数字信号处理器（DSP）的航位推算系统的硬件组成和软件编程，最后实现了船舶导航的组合方法。     

疏浚船舶GPS监管系统的开发与应用

为实现对疏浚船舶的有效监督,开发了一种GPS监管系统。介绍项目实施背景和新系统的应用。该系统把GPS（卫星定位系统）与GIS（电子地理信息系统）相结合应用在疏浚船舶,有效提高了监管力度,降低了人力资源成本和管理成本。     

Modelling greenhouse gas emissions from cars in Great Britain

This paper outlines the issues involved in the problem of global warming. The road transport sector's contributions to this problem are then detailed and various policy options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from private cars are discussed. The paper then describes a model which forecasts greenhouse gas emissions from cars. The effects of various policy options are then modelled and the results compared. Policies considered include: raising fuel prices in terms of the UK government's commitment to increase road fuel duties; subsidising public transport in terms of reduced public transport fares; and a tax differentiated by engine size.     

无人驾驶汽车路径规划算法研究综述

无人驾驶汽车是目前汽车发展的一个大方向,无人驾驶的实现依靠于汽车的感知、决策和控制功能。路径规划属于决策中重要的一环。目前,无人驾驶汽车的路径规划算法存在受环境影响较大,无法适用于复杂的道路环境的问题,基于此文章对无人驾驶汽车轨迹规划算法进行归纳。其在广义上可分成全局路径规划和局部路径规划两种,文章对上述两种规划进行细分并介绍了各种路径规划方法的原理,分析了各个方法的优劣,为无人驾驶汽车路径规划算法的研究提供参考。