Sanders中长圆柱壳理论及其在海洋工程中的应用(英文)

The cylindrical shell is one of the main structural parts in ocean engineering structures.These cylinders are mostly of medium length,which means that the radius of the cross section is significantly smaller than the length of the cylindrical shell.From the viewpoint of the shell theory,they belong to the mid-long cylindrical shell category.To solve mechanical problems on this kind of structure,especially a cracked cylindrical shell,analysis based on shell theory is necessary.At present the generally used solving system for the mid-long cylindrical shell is too complicated,difficult to solve,and inapplicable to engineering.This paper introduced the Sanders’ mid-long cylindrical shell theory which reduces the difficulty of the solution process,and will be suitable for solving problems with complicated boundary conditions.On this basis,the engineering applications of this theory were discussed in conjunction with the problem of a mid-long cylindrical shell having a circumferential crack.The solution process is simple,and the closed form solution can usually be found.In practical engineering applications,it gives satisfactory precision.     

双层圆柱壳典型基座振动波传递特性优化分析

采用波动分析法,根据不均质结构中的阻抗特性和波型转换,分析振动噪声在典型双层壳结构中的传递特性。以此为切入点,采用有限元/边界元(FEM/BEM)耦合法分析人为构造的传递损失基座的减振降噪性能。通过对组合板振动波的传递特性的分析可以得出,当定常结构发生突变时,结构阻抗也会随之发生变化,导致结构之间的阻抗失配,从而使得振动波在突变截面处发生反射和透射,降低振动波的传递效率,阻隔振动波能量向下游结构传递。然后,据此理论设计了传递损失基座,并用有限元/边界元耦合法验证了传递损失基座的减振降噪性能。     

Motorcycle suspension design using matrix inequalities and passivity constraints

This paper presents a design methodology for the suspension system of a novel aerodynamically efficient motorcycle. Since the machine’s layout and the rider’s seating position are unconventional, several aspects of the machine design, including the suspension, must be reviewed afresh. The design process is based on matrix inequalities that are used to optimise a road-grip objective function – others could be used equally well. The design problem is cast as the minimisation of an H ₂ cost with passivity constraints imposed on the suspension transference. The resulting bilinear matrix inequality problem is solved using a locally optimal iterative algorithm. The matrix inequality-type characterisation of positive real functions permits the optimisation of the suspension system over an entire class of passive admittances. Torsional springs, dampers and inerters are then used to construct networks corresponding to the optimal (positive real) admittances. Networks of first, second, third and fourth orders are considered, and an argument based on the compromise between complexity and improved grip is made for the most suitable suspension configuration. Finally, the effects of improved road grip on the stability of the vehicle’s lateral dynamics are analysed.     

Assessment of a semi-Hertzian method for determination of wheel–rail contact patch

Wheel–rail contact calculations are essential for simulating railway vehicle dynamic behavior. Currently, these simulations usually use the Hertz contact theory to calculate normal forces and Kalker's ‘FASTSIM’ program to evaluate tangential stresses. Since 1996, new methods called semi-Hertzian have appeared: 5 Kik, W. and Piotrowski, J. A fast approximate method to calculate normal load at contact between wheel and rail and creep forces during rolling. Paper presented at the 2nd Mini-conference on Contact Mechanics and Wear of Rail/Wheel Systems. July29–31, Budapest.  [Google Scholar] 7 Ayasse, J. B., Chollet, H. and Maupu, J. L. 2000. Paramètres caractéristiques du contact roue-rail. Rapport de Recherche INRETS n225, ISSN 0768–9756 (in French) [Google Scholar] (STRIPES). These methods attempt to estimate the non-elliptical contact patches with a discrete extension of the Hertz theory. As a continuation of 2 Ayasse, J. B and Chollet, H. 2005. Determination of the wheel–rail contact patch in semi-Hertzian conditions. Vehicle System Dynamics, 43(3) [Google Scholar], a validation of the STRIPES method for normal problem computing on three test cases is proposed in this article. The test cases do not fulfill the hypothesis required for the Hertz theory. Then, the Kalker's FASTSIM algorithm is adapted to STRIPES patch calculus to perform tangential forces computation. This adaptation is assessed using Kalker's CONTACT algorithm.     

基于交通流理论的公交站点间行程时间预测

分析了公交站点间车辆运行过程,将行程预测时间划分为交叉口排队等待时间、路段行驶时间和停站时间3个部分,利用交通波理论和延误三角形,分别建立了无公交专用车道和有公交专用车道2种情况下排队等待时间的动态预测模型;根据乘客到站规律和上下车规律,提出了公交车进站停靠时间模型;针对无公交专用车道条件下的时间预测方法进行了实例演算.实验数据表明,基于交通波行程时间预测方法具有较高的精度,可以满足站点间行程时间预报要求.     

航空公司直销渠道竞合动态重复博弈研究

引入航空公司直销渠道竞争与合作静态一次博弈模型,分析了博弈的结果,从而得到航空公司直销渠道合作与竞争的纳什均衡策略.航空公司之间的博弈是一种长期博弈,因此在静态一次性博弈模型基础上,建立航空公司直销渠道竞争与合作的动态重复博弈模型,结果表明航空公司应该采取长期合作策略.     

考虑初应力的哑铃型钢管混凝土拱肋极限承载力统一解

为了研究钢管初应力对钢管混凝土拱肋极限承载力的影响,针对实际工程中普遍采用的哑铃型钢管混凝土拱肋,考虑中间主应力、材料拉压比、初应力、初始缺陷、矢跨比和长细比等因素的影响,采用统一强度理论和修正的等效梁柱法,推导出一个新的初应力影响系数的计算公式,并建立其极限承载力的统一解。应用提出的计算公式分别对有、无初应力的哑铃型钢管混凝土拱肋的极限承载力进行计算,并将无初应力拱肋的计算结果与相关文献的试验结果及计算结果进行对比。分析结果表明：所提出的计算公式具有较好的精确度,验证了该计算方法的可行性;研究结果可为工程应用提供参考。     

预应力组合箱梁抗弯承载能力影响参数分析

为对预应力组合箱梁的设计提供参考,利用简化塑性理论对完全剪力连接的预应力组合梁的抗弯承载力影响参数(混凝土和钢梁强度、预应力筋初始张拉力、预应力筋布筋形式、转向块数量)进行分析。分析结果表明:在截面尺寸受限制时,提高钢梁强度能够有效提高预应力组合梁的抗弯承载力;增加预应力筋的数量可较明显地提高梁体的抗弯承载力;预应力筋采用折线布筋形式时,可提高预应力初始张拉值,以提高预应力组合梁的弹性承载力;转向块布置数量越多,预应力增量越大,二次效应影响越小,预应力组合梁抗弯承载力越高。     

SPA方法在地铁运营基础安全现状评价中的应用

以评级分数确定地铁运营基础安全现状的传统评价方法,未能考虑到地铁运营安全评价指标的确定性与不确定性问题。因此,通过引进集对分析理论的“三划分”思想,把区间评定值转化成同异反联系数的形式,构建了具有元素权重的地铁运营基础安全现状评价结果的三元联系度函数模型。应用该模型分析某地铁集团下属5条地铁线路运营基础安全现状评价结果的权重联系度、集对势、悲观势、同一度、差异度以及对立度,结果表明：这些指标形象而客观地揭示了5条地铁线路运营的基础安全现状及变化趋势。     

智能网联汽车测试场设计理论与实务

智能网联汽车测试场设计需要将传统道路工程与新兴智慧交通工程深度融合,兼顾道路基础设施与智慧交通设施设计要求,引入互联网企业迭代与共享思维,提出测试相对集中、柔性可控可测、专用共享统筹、标准适度超前的基本设计理论,并结合国内外多个测试场地情况,进行了完整解析.