声强法在磁悬浮列车车厢声源识别中的应用

介绍了声强法中P—P技术的使用,并讨论了在使用P—P技术进行声强测量时的相位匹配问题。利用声强法对磁悬浮列车行驶时车厢内的声源进行了识别,并从频率响应的角度对分析结果进行了判断。可以得出,磁悬浮列车以430 km／h速度行驶时,噪声主要通过车厢壁面传入车内。研究了各声强测点处1／3倍频程频谱,分析了各测点处辐射声强对车内噪声频率成分的贡献。可以得出,车厢壁面在100 Hz以下的频率贡献较大,而其它频段上,各测点的贡献相当。     

防波堤建设期的风险管理与工程保险

由于防波堤所处的海洋工程环境、施工期间自身结构的相对薄弱性等,对防波堤建设期的风险进行分析、管理的研究对指导实际工程抵御风险有重要的意义。本文介绍了防波堤建设期面临的风险源、其风险如何去评价、如何通过风险管理有效地降低风险、通过工程保险的手段转移风险的内容、方法和目前的研究进展。     

基于黑板体系的CGF智能决策系统的构造

介绍了一种智能决策系统的结构设计，此设计以黑板体系为构架，通过内置的黑板结构、知识源结构及椎理控制策略为CGF提供一个简易、友好的智能决策系统。在决策推理决策中，由于不精确推理算法的使用，使得此智能决策系统决策快速而准确，满足了CGF智能决策的需求。     

Ground truthing sediment profile imagery with traditional benthic survey data along an established disturbance gradient

Macrobenthic surveys are an expensive, slow and labour intensive means to establish the health of benthic communities. Sediment profile imagery (SPI) is a means of rapid reconnaissance for monitoring large areas of the benthos. SPI has often been used to monitor gross anthropogenic disturbance. The aim of this study is to determine if SPI can be used as a tool to reliably map change in communities along natural estuarine gradients. Macrobenthic sampling was carried out at five stations along an established estuarine gradient. This faunal data was analysed using standard multivariate techniques and to ground truth a concurrent SPI survey. Faunal analysis showed that habitat quality in Inner Galway Bay was generally good, with some localised disturbance from the River Corrib and the sewage out flow exterior to the city dock. Four distinct groups were identified with a degree of overlap occurring between stations 3 and 4. While existing SPI indices mapped habitat quality in the same manner as the faunal data for end member stations, the level of distinction between the habitats of an intermediate staging was found to be poor. This lack of distinction amongst the stage 2 and 3 stations was overcome by developing a tailored index, the Galway Bay index of habitat quality (GBHQ). This index was derived from the 5 observed variables in the SPI data that were determined to best match the faunal distribution by permutative mantel testing. The 5 observed variables from the SPI data were the depth of the apparent redox potential discontinuity (aRPD), the depth of penetration by the prism, and the presence/absence of infauna, surface faecal pellet layer and biogenic mounding. The GBHQ was able to distinguish between the 5 stations to a greater extent than previously described indices, showing clearly the separate groupings defined by the faunal data. The index was tested on a follow up SPI survey and shown to be applicable in mapping a broader range of habitats in Galway Bay. Indices generated for localised mapping of estuarine gradients should be derived from observed features and be ground truthed using faunal data. Some aspects of the GBHQ should be generally applicable to fine grained boreal estuarine sediments (aRPD/penetration), while others may be of limited utility in other locations depending on the digging characteristics of the particular SPI camera, and local factors influencing the persistence of biogenic features in the profile. This derivation technique provides a simple way to optimise SPI to particular studies and localities.     

铁路站房地源热泵系统工程热平衡分析

结合具体工程,根据某车站空调采暖系统设计工况及该工程地埋管换热特性测试报告,采用地源热泵系统作为冷热源。考虑地源热泵系统的冷热平衡需要,分析采用地源热泵+锅炉辅助系统及太阳能地源热泵耦合系统两种不同热平衡方案用于铁路站房,计算各自需要的热泵机组容量及室外埋管换热器具体设计规模。详细介绍两种系统的冷热平衡方式,并对各自特点及工程运用进行论述,提出在具体工程中因地制宜,应根据不同情况,采用合适的系统热平衡方式。     

水源热泵与城市供水系统相结合的水、冷、暖三联产可行性研究

为探讨将城市供水作为水源热泵系统的水源,实现建筑供水、供冷、供暖三联供的可行性,调查了城市供水与地表水水源热泵系统在水源取水口、水温、水质、水量要求上的一致性,并提出了水源热泵与城市供水系统相结合的系统形式。以日供水量为20万t的城市供水厂为例,理论分析了系统在夏季和冬季的节能潜力,对系统可能存在的风险进行了探讨。研究结果表明:系统在夏季和冬季的一次能源节约率分别为40.8%和18.3%。通过将水源热泵与城市供水系统相结合,实现城市供水、供冷、供暖三联产,在夏热冬冷和夏热冬暖地区是可行的,具有较大的节能潜力。     

轨道车辆大功率IGBT散热器的热设计与试验研究

首先应用传热学理论对肋片散热器进行热阻计算,并采用Icepak软件进行仿真,最后为了验证理论计算和仿真的精度,进行了相关的散热器热阻试验.通过对散热器理论计算、仿真计算与试验结果进行对比研究证明,仿真计算能满足工程精度要求,理论计算经过修正后也能满足工程需要.     

基于PumpLinx的鱼雷齿轮泵内部流场及流量特性的仿真分析

为研究转速与流体介质对齿轮泵性能的影响,运用PumpLinx软件对齿轮泵内部流场及其流量进行瞬态仿真分析,并与试验数据进行对比,分析转速与流体介质对齿轮泵内部压力场及输出特性的影响。数值结果表明:齿轮泵平均流量与试验数据吻合较好,入口流量随时间呈锯齿状波动,出口流量则呈波浪状的较小波动,而且流量脉动率随转速的增大而减小;齿轮泵内压力从低压腔呈阶梯状向高压腔过渡,且入口易因超低压而出现空化现象,导致其压力脉动率高于出口。此外,流体介质为水时的流量脉动率略低于油。研究结果为降低鱼雷齿轮泵的振动和噪声等危害提供了理论指导。     

大跨地铁风道导洞开挖的地表沉降分布规律研究

北京地铁8号线大红门桥站-和义站区间附属风道为跨度16.2 m的单跨结构,采用暗挖洞桩法(PBA工法)施工。为有效控制导洞开挖引起的地表沉降,必须合理安排导洞施工顺序。基于三维数值模拟方法对不同的导洞开挖方案地表沉降分布规律进行研究,并与地表沉降监测结果进行比较分析。结果表明:不同的导洞开挖顺序的地表沉降发展路径差别显著,但最终的沉降值基本一致;随着导洞的开挖,地表沉降槽宽度增加并不明显,但是由于导洞开挖的群洞效应,地表沉降速度发展较快。因此在后续的拱部开挖支护中,必须通过调整支护措施和开挖方案来严格控制地层沉降。