某铁路线运转值班人员工作负荷调查报告

为了解铁路运转值班人员工作负荷情况,为铁路运输的合理倒班、合理用工提供依据,对某铁路线的117名运转值班人员做了工作前后的生理疲劳和健康指标改变调查,评价其工作期间身体和生理健康水平,工作前后的生理疲劳、工作负荷情况。采用问询调查表调查117名运转值班人员的感觉疲劳情况及对工作班制的看法。调查结果表明,该线铁路的117名运转值班人员工作前后的生理疲劳指标改变、心理健康指标改变三班制和四班制差异显著,班制、工作单调和责任大是主要原因。提示改革班制、开展健康教育和干预是保证运转值班人员身体健康的主要手段。     

重载货车制动系统的研究

介绍北美重载货车制动系统及我国既有货车制动系统概况,主要分析对重载货车的制动距离、重载货车制动系统应解决的关键问题,并探讨重载货车制动系统研究方向。     

齿轮用8822H钢接触疲劳特性试验研究

对材料8822H钢进行了接触疲劳试验,通过失效判据判定材料失效寿命,从而得出试验点数据,再根据试验数据拟合出8822H钢接触疲劳P-S-N曲线。根据试验试样的失效形式,从疲劳剥落坑形貌及剥落坑深度2个方面对8822H材料的接触疲劳失效进行了分析,为齿轮的抗疲劳设计提供了依据。     

大功率电力机车变形吸能元件加工难点及解决措施

对大功率电力机车的牵引缓冲装置变形吸能元件支撑板的功能、结构、主要工艺难点进行分析,介绍一种新型的加工工艺方法,大大地提高了其生产效率.     

行星齿轮传动系中啮合相位关系

以前对行星齿轮传动机构的分析主要集中在各种制造和装配误差对齿轮系的影响，很少考虑相位差的影响因素。文中通过行星齿轮系简化模型，结合行星齿轮传动系的结构特点，详细说明了行星齿轮中啮合相位差的关系特性，建立了能适应于行星齿轮系分析模型的参数描述，并分析了直齿轮和斜齿轮的行星齿轮传动系相位关系及啮合刚度影响系数的异同。     

我国重型车用汽油机排放现状分析及试验方法

对我国实施重型车用汽油机排放标准后的部分典型机型的排放做了统计和相关分析；比较了国内外重型汽油机排放标准和试验方法。通过对化油器机型和电喷加三效催化机型的排放测试结果的分析，论及我国重型汽油机的排放控制技术路线，提出了在用重型化油器车的污染治理和控制问题。最后，针对我国现行9工况标准的试验限值和试验方法提出了一些观点。     

军用半挂汽车列车的现状和发展趋势

介绍了国内外军用半挂汽车列车的发展现状,根据军用半挂汽车列车的运载对象和使用环境,分析了其性能特点、关键技术和发展趋势.     

模拟计算法在重型车辆燃油经济性标准中的应用研究

随着节能减排压力的日益严重,世界各国均开始制定重型车辆的燃油经济性标准。在对重型车燃油经济性的测量方面,模拟计算法由于操作简单、可重复性好、成本低的优点越来越受到行业的重视,在日本、中国和美国的标准中都得到了应用。本文在分析模拟计算法测量车辆燃油经济性的原理基础上,对比研究了日本、中国和美国标准中模拟计算法的应用情况,分析了各国在模拟计算法关键环节上策略的异同。     

Particulate matter concentrations and heavy metal contamination levels in the railway transport system of Sydney,Australia

Sampling campaign was conducted over six weeks to determine particulate matter (PM) concentrations from Sydney Trains airport line (T2) at both underground and ground levels using DustTrak. Dust samples were collected and analysed for 12 metals (Fe, Ca, Mn, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, Al, Co, Ni, Ba and Na) by atomic emission spectroscopy. Average underground PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations from inside the trains were 2.8 and 2.5 times greater than at ground level. Similarly, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations on underground platforms were 2.7 and 2.5 times greater than ground level platforms. Average underground PM concentrations exceeded the national air quality standards for both PM₁₀ (50 µg/m³) and PM_2.5 (25 µg/m³). Correlation analysis showed a strong to moderate association between PM concentrations at ground level and background PM concentrations (r² from 0.952 to 0.500). The findings suggested that underground PM concentrations were less influenced by the ambient background than at ground level. The metal concentrations decreased in the order of Fe, Cr, Ca, Al, Na, Ba, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co and Pb. The pollution index (PI) and enrichment factor (EF) values were calculated to identify the levels and sources of contamination in the underground railway microenvironments. PM was remarkably rich in Fe with a mean concentration of 73.51 mg/g and EF of 61.31, followed by Ni and Cr. These results noticeably indicated a high level of metal contamination in the underground environments, with the principal contribution from track abrasion and wear processes.     

Experimental evaluation of Heavy Duty Vehicle speed patterns in urban and port areas and estimation of their fuel consumption and exhaust emissions

Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDVs) in urban and port areas were evaluated through a dedicated investigation. The HDV fleet composition and traffic driving from highways to the maritime port of Genoa and crossing the city were analysed. Typical urban trips linking highway exits to port gates and HDV mission profiles within the port area were defined. A validation was performed through on-board instrumentation to record HDV instantaneous speeds in urban and port zones. A statistical procedure enabled the building-up of representative speed patterns. High contrasts and specific driving conditions were observed in the port area. Representative speed profiles were then used to simulate fuel consumption and emissions for HDVs, using the Passenger car and Heavy duty Emission Model (PHEM). Complementary estimations were derived from Copert and HBEFA methodologies, allowing the comparison of different calculation approaches and scales. Finally, PHEM was implemented to assess the performances of EGR or SCR systems for NO_X reduction in urban driving and at very low speeds.The method and results of the investigation are presented. Fuel consumption and pollutant emission estimation through different methodologies are discussed, as well as the necessity of characterizing very local driving conditions for appropriate assessment.