防碰头车门装置的设计

一般的轿车车门都较低,出入车很容易碰头,针对这一普遍存在的问题,在车门门框处增加缓冲板随车门联动机构,以防止乘客进出时碰头。     

区间信号设备维修轨道车使用方式探讨

阐述温福客专铁路现行区间信号设备维修作业组织方式及所遇到的困难,通过比较说明使用轨道车进行区间信号设备检修作业的优越性;提出电务共用工务轨道车的3种方案并进行优劣性比较探讨。     

A substitute model of two-dimensional dry friction exposed to dither generated by rolling contact of wheel and rail

Dither generated by rolling contact of wheel and rail smoothes dry friction damping provided by the primary suspension dampers of freight wagons and it should be taken into account in numerical simulations. But numerically the problem is non-smooth and this leads to long execution time during simulation, especially when the vehicle with friction dampers is modelled in the environment of an multi-body system simulation program, whose solver has to cope with many strong non-linearities. The other difficulty is the necessity of handling within the code a number of big volume files of recorded dither sampled with high frequency. To avoid these difficulties, a substitute model of two-dimensional dry friction exposed to dither is proposed that does not need application of dither during simulation, but it behaves as if dither were applied. Due to this property of the model, the excitation of the vehicle model by track irregularities may be supplied as low-frequency input, which allows fast execution and, the necessity of handling high-volume files of recorded dither is avoided. The substitute model is numerically effective. To identify parameters of the substitute model, a pre-processing employing a sample of the realistic dither is carried-out on a simple two-degrees-of-freedom system. The substitute model is anisotropic, describing anisotropic properties of the two-dimensional friction arising in the presence of one-dimensional dither. The model may be applied in other branches of engineering, for example, in mechatronics and robotics, where application of dither may improve the accuracy of positioning devices.     

俄罗斯专用货车动力性能的评价

运用编制的专用货车模型,对大定距车辆进行计算,通过比较计算结果和试验结果,认为可以采用计算对专用货车的动力性能及运行安全性进行评估.     

重载铁路特殊站场股道信号机设置问题的研究

重载铁路运输是一个复杂的系统工程,对于保证行车安全、提高作业效率和通过能力起关键作用的信号系统提出更高的技术要求.针对开行万吨、2万t组合列车线路设计中遇到的几种特殊站场布局下的信号机设置问题以案例形式进行分析,探讨此类站型信号机设置的影响因素,总结安全、合理的布置原则及运用要求.     

重载铁路混凝土梁常见病害分析及处理对策研究

以朔黄铁路近2000孔混凝土梁为研究对象,开展重载运输对既有铁路混凝土梁的影响分析、常见病害统计及原因分析,并提出相应的加固处理对策。结果表明:重载运输导致桥梁结构主梁、墩台基础、支座等结构横向、竖向和纵向受力大幅增加,活载储备量降低,振动和疲劳加剧,进而引起混凝土梁体开裂、挠度过大、横向振动加剧、梁端顶死等一系列病害大量出现并迅速扩展,轴重和运量的大幅提高是病害快速出现和发展的直接原因,通过采取体外预应力加固、辅助钢梁加固和裂缝灌封等措施,可以达到提高混凝土梁结构承载能力、抗裂性能和耐久性能的目的。     

Intermodal and international freight network modeling

The authors describe the development and application of a single, integrated digital representation of a multimodal and transcontinental freight transportation network. The network was constructed to support the simulation of some five million origin to destination freight shipments reported as part of the 1997 United States Commodity Flow Survey. The paper focuses on the routing of the tens of thousands of intermodal freight movements reported in this survey. Routings involve different combinations of truck, rail and water transportation. Geographic information systems (GIS) technology was invaluable in the cost-effective construction and maintenance of this network and in the subsequent validation of mode sequences and route selections. However, computationally efficient routing of intermodal freight shipments was found to be most efficiently accomplished outside the GIS. Selection of appropriate intermodal routes required procedures for linking freight origins and destinations to the transportation network, procedures for modeling intermodal terminal transfers and inter-carrier interlining practices, and a procedure for generating multimodal impedance functions to reflect the relative costs of alternative, survey reported mode sequences.     

Optimal roll control of an articulated vehicle: theory and model validation

This paper investigates optimal roll control of an experimental articulated vehicle. The test vehicle and the mathematical model used to design the control strategies are presented. The vehicle model is validated against experimental data from the test vehicle in passive configuration. The initial controller design, performed by Sampson (Sampson, D.J.M. and Cebon, D., 2003a, Achievable roll stability of heavy road vehicles. Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs, Part D, J. Automobile Engineering, 217(4), 269–287), is reviewed and adapted for the experimental vehicle. The effect of not controlling all the axles on the vehicle is investigated and a variable vehicle speed controller is designed by interpolating between constant speed controllers. Substantial reduction in normalized load transfer is achieved for a range of manoeuvres, both in steady-state and transient conditions.     

Guidance for transport planning and policymaking in the face of an uncertain future

Uncertainty of outcome is widely recognised as a concern facing decision-makers and their advisors. In a number of spheres of policy, it appears uncertainty has intensified in the face of globalisation, economic instability, climate change, technological innovation and changing consumer preferences. How can planners and policymakers plan for an uncertain future? There is growing interest in, and use of, techniques that can help decision-making processes where deep uncertainty is involved. This paper is based upon one of the most recent international examples of a foresight exercise employed to examine uncertainty – specifically that which concerns uncertainty over the nature and extent of future demand for car travel. The principal focus of the paper is on the insights and guidance this examination of uncertainty brings forth for transport planning and policymaking. To accommodate deep uncertainty requires a flexible and open approach in terms of how policy and investment possibilities are formulated and judged. The paper argues for a focus upon the Triple Access System of spatial proximity, physical mobility and digital connectivity as a framework for policy and investment decisions that can harness flexibility and resilience. Uncertainty becomes an opportunity for decision-makers with the realisation that they are shaping the future rather than (only) responding to a predicted future. The paper outlines two forms of policymaking pathway: regime-compliant (in which adherence to trends and the nature of the world we have known pushes policy) and regime-testing (in which the nature of the world as we have known it is brought into question and vision pulls policy decisions). Stronger orientation towards regime-testing to assist in managing an uncertain future is advocated.     

基于激光传感器的寻迹智能车设计与开发

激光传感器智能车系统采用飞思卡尔的16位微控制器MC9S12XS128单片机作为核心控制单元。介绍了智能车硬件系统的设计,分析了控制策略和相关软件设计。实际竟赛中取得了较好的成绩。